Trainspotting: Addiction and Familiar Environment

I chose not to choose life I chose something else. And the reasons? There are no reasons. Who needs reasons when youve got heroin? Mark Rent Boy Renton is a youngish Scot that suffers from heroin addiction and is on a downward spiral of drugs and crime. He repeatedly wants to quit and tries to do so, but al miens seems to succumb to clean one more hit in order to cope with his life. With his friends, he is trapped in a seedy urban underworld in spite of the efforts of his family to get him clean.However, Mark has a secret desire to unclutter more of his life, and finds himself facing a choice staying with his friends in his familiar environment or starting his life over. Trainspotting is a very controversial remove, which touches upon instead a bit of themes, though drug abuse is certainly the principal(prenominal) issue dealt with Mark and his friends are all addicted to heroin and the film explores the causes of drug abuse and its dangerous aftermath which in this particul ar grapheme is death Marks friend, Tommy, dies from an overdose and even a short(p) baby girl dies, presumably from living in the intoxicating glory of 4 drug addicts flat.Beyond drug abuse, another concurrent theme in the film is buyback and how unattainable it is we follow Mark making his way show up of drugs, on his journey to redeem himself. He struggles to break out of the vicious circle he is stuck in but lastly succeeds, finds redemption and forgives himself. Trainspotting deals with national identity as well, in this case the lack of a true Scottish identity Mark sees Scotland as nation colonized by wankers and feels as though the stereotypical Scottish identity (with connotations of heroism and honour) is false heritage. He escapes from Scotland hence his Scottish identity when he moves to capital of the United Kingdom and isolates himself, though he cant abandon his Scottishness completely.

Pros and Cons of Forming an LLC

Among the best choice an respective(prenominal) top executive encounter as a subscriber line owner might be, if at all or not to enter his trade or make up a extra indebtedness smart set LLC. (Evaluating Incorporating a ancestry or haveing a Limited obligation federation (LLC)) Setting up a Limited Liability Company LLC has come to be an accepted choice in theatrical role of al unity managed businesses and partnerships who have considered background up a corporation with a thought to safe-conduct 1s own assets. (Why More Business Owners select LLCs) LLCs pose a better option in eccentric person of corporations and partnerships as these be equipped with a lot of advantages of both.A limited liability confederation, or LCC, therefore is a business which is not incorporated and has the twin features of a corporation as well as a partnership. This organization is particularly appropriate in gaucherie of family businesses, professional licensees, non-US resident owners and businesses running overseas. (Incorporating Questions) An LLC is sometimes depicted as a blend of a partnership and a corporation. This is due to the fact that a LLC mixes the tax benefits and focus ad effectiveability of a partnership with the liability protection of a corporation. (Why More Business OwnersChoose LLCs)The benefits of forming an LLC mud that the members are presumption limited liability and have been burgeon forthd taxes uniform to that of a partnership. Through the formation of an LLC in place of a corporation, an some ane avails of the entire spectrum of advantages of setting up a corporation, however one rear stay clear from a few difficultys that one might brass section if he sets up a corporation. (For Entrepreneurs Forming an LLC) The maximum advantage of forming a company or setting up an LLC lies in its scope to segregate ones personal identity from one business, lowering the possibility of ones own assets becoming implicated by busines s debts or lawsuits. The additional benefit comprises give carely tax benefits, simpler access to capital funding, self-will secrecy and centralized management. (Frequently Asked Questions About Incorporating)Particularly, at the time when an somebody forms a corporation, he is taxed twice. This irritation is possible to circumvent, in case he sets up an LLC. The LLC permits much than one owner, or members. Moreover, a managing member is present, who also avails the benefits of limited liability and is naturally the person in charge of the management of the business. It is the owners personal income tax returns through which the profits or losings go through directly on their Form 1040.The LLC books a Form 1065, and subsequently makes a record of every members dutiable profit on Form K-1. To define in different words, the LLC itself neer files taxes. This is the implication of avoiding double taxation with an LLC. In case of a corporation, it deeds in a different manner. Tax es are imposed on the corporation, and, then should file taxes. Subsequently, distributions to the owners are taxed. In spirit, the government charges twice from ones revenues in place of once in case of an LLC as oppose to a corporation. (For Entrepreneurs Forming an LLC)LLCs possess a higher flexibility at the management level compared to corporations. (Why More Business OwnersChoose LLCs) In case of setting up an LLC, ii alternatives for organizing the management of the LLC are there Member-managed or manager-managed. The proprietor of LLCs, those who are current members in the management of their business sometimes set up an LLC which is managed by the member. In case of LLC which is managed by the member, management power and obligatory authority remains with all of the members or owners of the LLC.Manager direction is the place in which one or more people disregarding of proprietors are chosen to shoulder responsibility for managing the LLC. The proprietors who are them selves not owners, at times family members those who have put in their money in the company just relax and piece in the profits of LLC. In case of an LLC having a manager, simply the appointed managers possess a chance to right to vote on management decisions and race as the agents of the LLC. Managers whitethorn or may not also be members of the LLC. In some instances, the concern in a manager-managed LLC might be contemplated to be the securities with the condition that it is registered with the federal and/or state government. (Advantages of Forming an LLC)An additional benefit of setting up an LLC is the safeguard given to the proprietors from personal liability in case of business debts and/or claims. Since, just LLC assets are made use of for meeting business liabilities, LLC owners become the loser of just the money which they have invested in the LLC. As against this, sole business owners and general partnerships give no limited liability protection in case of their owner s- rendering the owners of sole proprietorships and partnerships to be liable in their individualistic capacities for every debt, claims and obligations linked with business.Setting up an LLC can even be a big option for partners seeking flexibility in the means they share self-commands and profits. As against corporate shareholding whose ownership of profligate and share of profits should be in percentage of their investment, partners in an LLC can normally share ownership in any manner they think it to be suitable. For instance, ownership of an LLC having two partners can be subdivided halfway in case they decide as such and in that case each partner might not have to pool half of the total capital investment. Besides, as against corporations, LLCs function somewhat unofficially. For instance, LLCs are normally permitted to function with no restrictions on the yearly ownership and management meetings. (Advantages of Forming an LLC)Nevertheless it continues to a good norm to con duct meetings and honor a record of decisions, however, no one is under any destiny to act in that manner under majority of the state rules. Because of this, an individual can have considerably more time in his hand, placing one in charge of and when meetings are held, as one considers vital. Besides, proprietors of LLCs who are against judge default tax classifications have the choice of choosing an independent tax classification. For instance, an LLC might choose to be taxed as a corporation.This choice is made by submitting the filled in IRS Form 8832. An LLC which prefers to be imposed taxes as a corporation continue to reserve the reasoned features of an LLC under the rules governing LLCs in the state in which it is established, however it is considered as a corporation for purposed of taxes, put under corporate income tax rates and the same tax considerations think to conventional corporations. An LLC might also prefer to be taxed just like an S corporation. This preferen ce is exercised by submitting the IRS Form 2553. (Advantages of Forming an LLC) Finally, as against corporations, it is not wonted(a) for LLCs to conduct an annual meeting and draft meeting minutes. (Why More Business OwnersChoose LLCs)But what is the reason behind everyone not joining the LLC brigade? are there any demerits of an LLC? What is the reason behind every corporation in the world not getting converted to a LLC status? What are the reasons behind the continued formation of the conventional C corporations and S corporations? on that point are not many answers to that question. (For Entrepreneurs Forming an LLC) To speak the truth, everything is far from being perfect. or so costs and problems arise from running an LLC. LLC possesses the demerits of being less popular.The limited liability company is the latest arrival on the corporate scene. Even though this is changing fast, some individuals are not aware about LLC compared to a conventional corporation which is somet hing to think about when attracting investors and so on. (LLCs Do They list mavin for Your Business?) As a lot of companies will be looking forward to investment from outside sources and will be presenting stock options to employees, several angel investors and venture capital firms continue to be gun-shy regarding investment in LLCs as this is a new business set up that is hardly intelligible. (For Entrepreneurs Forming an LLC)An additional preference of the C Corporation over the LLC is that legal companies are poised to possess a lot more boilerplate harmonize for C Corporations compared to a LLC. Therefore, one might be incurring more legal expenses in the formation of an LLC as more time is require to be devoted by the lawyer during drafting agreements. Indeed, this will read with the passage of time as greater number of business companies trace LLC category. (For Entrepreneurs Forming an LLC) LLC also face the demerits of higher costs incurred in banking. In case of acc ounts for small businesses or unofficial partnership, these are sometimes free, till an individual maintains a higher balance.However a bank account in case of a limited liability company will possibly charge fees of $10, $20 or higher every month. LLC possess more entangled tax returns. An LLC will submit its own tax return in case it is running as a partnership firm, C corporation, or S corporation. This implies ones expenses for tax return will be close to few thousand dollars annually. Besides, as documents in case of a limited liability corporation are required to be filed with the state, as against a general partnership, it implies tardiness to a little extent. (LLCs Do They Make Sense for Your Business?)To conclude, it might be held that LLCs are a superb judicature whose reputation is rising. LLCs are among the most adaptable business establishments available which are perfect in case of small or fresh companies. In case of a lot of new businesses, establishing an LLC impl ies the ideal of both scenarios. akin to a partnership, taxes are imposed directly to the business, evading the double taxation problem with the corporations. Moreover, akin to corporations, LLCs present liability shield in case of owners and their assets.Additionally, lesser concurrent needs and rules and regulations minimize the extent of paperwork and maintenance required to safeguard an LLCs standing, thereby rendering them safer compared to corporations. But, LLCs is not everybodys cup of tea, since it has its demerits too. It is meaning(a) to know regarding the advantages of LLCs and also its disadvantages.ReferencesAdvantages of Forming an LLC.For Entrepreneurs Forming an LLC.

Notes on arrays

To signify absence of information oid fo // function fo does not return a value void *pv // cursor to objective lens of unknown type enumeration (enum) To represent specific set of values. Named whole number constants stub be defined as members of an enumeration. enum keyword ASM, AUTO, BREAK keyword key 2 Derived Data Types Address Types savoir-faires Pointers Powerful, but difficult to master Simulate pass-by-reference destruction relationship with arrays and strings Aggregate Types Arrays and strings Structures and Unions 3Reference is another name (alias) for a covariant It is a pointer but a constant unrivaled once declared it screwingnot be made alias of another variable A reference declaration must have initialization and it can be initialized toa variable, not a literal constant. A variable can have several references (aliases) all references hold the same address Reference is not a separate variable like a pointer it does not occupy space in memory 4 ? References both operations supposedly performed on he alias (i. . , the reference) are real performed on the original variable Example int figure = int &cRef = count Increments count through alias cRef 5 ? References (example) // Reference Types Example // References must be initialized. include using stdcout using stdendl 7 8 9 int main() intx=3 Creating a reference as an alias to another variable in the function.

Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois

No two persons hold back had a majusculeer impact on the black persons right strawman in the late nineteenth and early twentieth cenury Ameri can buoy news report more than W. E. Burghardt Du Bois and Booker T. capital of the United States. Both have gained millions of following in their avocation to elevate the black peoples place in society with their show of great intelligence and wisdom. Yet, their philosophies and ideas on how that goal can be achieved were as incompatible as the racial differences that separated the whites and the blacks in their time.According to Ellis Washington, author of The Devil Is In the Details Essays on Law, Race, politics, and Religion, If the philosophy of Du Bois and Washington can be cut to one word it would be rights vs. duty (Washington, Du Bois vs. Washington, para. 21). Indeed, while Du Bois was a very vocal advocate on the black mans right to an come to treatment as the white man without reservation or apology, Washington espouses more on the idea of racial accomodation and gradual acceptance among the two races.This was nowhere more evident than in their respective speeches, The expert Tenth and The capital of Georgia Compromise. In The Talented Tenth, Du Bois asserts that provided through the coop successiontion of the best and the brightest of the black people can the general raft be elevated to the standards that they deserve. He argues that for this to happen, black people needed to excessively be accorded the elite educational training that is given to the white people, verbalism that The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men (Du Bois).Washington, on the other hand, appeals to the white Americans in a way that was almost pleading and submissive. In his speech at Atlanta in what came to be known as the Atlanta Compromise, he said Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, an d heart, you leave find that they will deal your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories.While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people the the world has seen (Harlan, 583-587). such(prenominal) a difference in ideologies, of course, is bound to elicit a reaction from one or both of the leaders, and indeed, Du Bois was the most influential critic of Washington, reflection that Washington had encountered the most criticism from his own people, amounting to bitterness, even though principally held in silence (Du Bois, Of Mr.Booker T. Washington and Others). The contest between the two ideologies has huge been debated, but the Du Boisian perspective have gained the upper hand, mainly due to the followers of its leadership paradigm making major contributions to dark communitarian advancement during the era be tween the two World Wars, resulting in the eventual demise of Washingtons leadership legacy (Kilson, Booker T. vs DuBois). There is no question, though, that whichever became more influential, both will always be a defining force in blackamoor American history.Works Cited Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt. Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others. The Souls of Black Folk Essays and Sketches. Cambridge University Press bathroom Wilson and Son, Cambridge, USA, 1903. . The Talented Tenth. The Negro Problem A Series of Articles by Representative Negroes of To-day. New York 1903. Harlan, Louis R. , ed. The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol. 3. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1974. 583-587. Kilson, Martin.Booker T. vs DuBois Retrospective on the Washington/DuBoisian Black Leadership Paradigms Part II. The Black Commentator conceive Piece. 2 March 2006. 19 December 2007 Washington, Ellis. Du Bois vs. Washington Old Lessons Black People Have Not Learned. Issues & Views. 2001. 19 December 20 07

PlayStation 3 Case †Planning and Strategy Essay

There is genuinely little(a) Sony can do to turn around the sales of the PlayStation 3. It has been roughly six years since its launch, the full lifetime of most gaming consoles. part the Nintendo Wii and Micrsoft Xbox360 have drastically lowered their monetary values to move existing stock, Sony has just now dropped their expenditure in the break 2 years. Now priced at $300, the PS3 is still oer $100 more than expensive than the competitors. At this point in time, it would be wise for Sony to discontinue the manufacture the sale of the PS3 and focus on its near game console.Sonys strategic approach to new product phylogeny has always been to be a market leader in new, advance(a) technology. This approach has brought them huge success, but to a fault some nonable failures. For instance, the Sony Betamax, which was introduced in 1975, was say to be a direct competitor to VHS. It provided higher flavour images, but did non offer the longer representtime of VHS. Sony stu bbornly refused to limiting its format for eight years, but eventually switched over to the far more popular and cheaper VHS.Despite this notable failure, the Sony Walkman was one of its greatest successes, with 100 trillion units sold within its first decade. The key success factors in the photographic film show gaming industry today are content, price, availability, and compatibility. These have remained factors since consoles first began appear in the late 70s. For gamers around the world Content is King. It doesnt social occasion how crisp and beautiful the attribute of the images if there are only 15 games, which, coincidently was the number of games with which the PS3 launched.Gamers who go out to buy the PS3 quickly effected that the limited number of games made the PS3 little more than an expensive TV attachment. Sony tried to counter this by touting the Blu-Ray capability of the PS3, but gamers werent fire in watching movies on their PS3, they wanted to play new games. another(prenominal) factor in the success in ikon gaming is the price. At $600, the PS3 was, and still is, the most expensive gaming console ever sold. magic spell the original PlayStation and the PS2 were priced at $299, the PS3 nearly priced itself out of the market.With the Xbox and Wii selling for around $300, the ludicrously expensive PS3 couldnt possibly hope to live up to the expectations its price was promising. When gamers realized that the PS3 was not better than the Xbox in gaming quality, they quickly rushed back to stores to return them. By 2007, more PS3s were being returned than were being sold. The last twain factors in video gaming success, availability and compatibility, are also weaknesses in the launch of the PS3. Initially Sony planning on manufacturing one jillion consoles.On November 7, 2006, North American retailers had fewer than 200,000 units. By the time retailers had comely units to meet demand gamers had begun to return their units at an ala rming rate. With compatibility, the PS3 initially promised rearward compatibility with the PS2 games. This seemed to vary per unit, with some units, like the upgraded unit being able to play Sony Platform games like Final Fantasy, but the base model not being able to play any PS2 games. The launch of the PS3 was one of the largest in video gaming history.Sony spent over $150 million in advertising that aimed to convince gamers to hold off purchasing an Xbox 360 and wait for the PS3. IN 2006, they developed the slogan Play Beyond for the Electronic Entertaiment Expo . Unfortunately, nation soon because spoofing the slogan and replacing it with Pay Beyond, protesting the high cost of the console. The warring advantage of the PS3 was supposed to be in its superior gaming quality. IT was supposed to be the most advanced, the most practical and the most visually sensory video game platform in history.The PS3 promised free online play, Blu-Ray capability, online surfing ability, and employ the PS3 for pictures, videos and music storage. The weaknesses in the PlayStation3 were numerous. There were only 15 games available initially, of which, only about five were interesting to avid gamers. The video quality was mates to the frequently cheaper Xbox360. The free online play had limited and fairly useless(prenominal) content. The online surfing was cumbersome and useless for users who already owned computers. This was also true of the music, video, and picture storage, which customers could already use on their computers or even their iPods.With their limited initial availability, and spotty backwards compatibility, the PS3 was too much money for too little content. When compared with the marketing program of the Nintendo Wii, the PS3 seemed to target the avid gamer. Traditionally men develop 15-35 these men were interested in serious gaming. They want high quality content and high quality visuals. The Nintendo Wii chose another market, the family. While the PS 3 touted its amazing video quality, the Wii emphasized fun and togetherness.They offered fun games for multiple players of all ages who could enjoy the material activity of using the Wii controller. They put of silly, colorful, low-resolution games at a sensible price or bundled in with new Wii consoles. Nintendo also had the advantage of two major game legacies, Mario and Zelda, which had been favorites of serious gamers and children alike. While Wii was selling fun, the PS3 was selling serious. Families were much more willing to buy a Wii that the whole family could use for less than $400, than spend over $600 on a gaming system that did not offer a range of games for all ages.

John Steinbeck’s use of Realism Essay

lavatory Ernst Steinbeck has written numerous award winning storys, some of which has even been produced as plays that captured audiences ein truthw present. Steinbeck wrote about rattling manner experiences using pragmatism, characterization, and reveries to emphasize his points and make an contact on his subscribers in order to reform or change society. The world ingestiond in Steinbecks works is non be ramps efficacious in informing the referee of circumstances that should be changed, solely this 19th century literary style as well creates gravid feelings of empathy toward the characters and their dreams. Steinbeck used realism to convey his points for a purpose, and his main purpose was that he wanted something to be do known to the public.Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both tell of the hardships plenty went finished and similarly the unpleasant conditions of their situations. The characters in both of these novels play and central role in someo nealizing the occurring events for the reader, making the novel to a greater extent effective in getting the printrs messages across to the audience. Steinbecks use of the Ameri mess Dream and the go a focussing for the characters to succeed is also evident passim the deuce novels. These dreams help the reader to relate to the characters, thitherfore making a bigger impact on those who read the novel.John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath, tells of a very harsh journey to atomic number 20 that the Joads, like many a(prenominal) former(a) families in the 1930s Depression era, embarked upon in order to find work and make do their dying kindles in Oklahoma. During the depression a severe drought c all over the plains, called the Dust Bowl. This natural disaster destroyed any chance that the farmers had of making a living, and they were forced to travel west and trust their homes in hopes of purpose a job. Part of the novels palpate of realism comes from the setting. The J oads dot to California from Oklahoma and their journey is characterized by poverty, starvation, death, and suffering (Stegener 405).Steinbeck non single utilizes the setting as a sense of realism solely also uses vivid description and specific details to draw attention to the legion(predicate) hardships encountered by the families forced to travel west in search of probability (Jackson 316). The first evening after the Joads leave their home, they stop on the side of the road to help another family. This familyis very thankful for the Joads help, and offers their tent for the Joads seedy grandfather, but unfortunately Grandpa passes away that night. The family is troubled from the very fetch of their journey and Steinbeck creates feelings of sympathy toward the Joads as well as the other families in the same situation. As the novel progresses, the familys disparity becomes more and more evident.Grandma Joad dies shortly after Grandpa does and since the Joads atomic number 18 indigent and usher out barely meet ends to survive, they are forced to beg for m iodiney to disguise Grandma Joad. Despite familys disappointments, they in effect(p) keep going (Britch and Lewis). As they continue to travel the Joads encounter many more obstacles, but there is one incident as the novel comes to a close. Rose of Sharon, the oldest daughter, goes into wear upon and her baby is stillborn. Rose of Sharon notices a dying old man who is feed and offers him her breast milk so that he might be satisfactory to survive. As the novel closes, the reader is left with despair and a sense of loneliness. Steinbecks uses of realism makes a strong impact on the reader, which makes this one of the greatest American novels ever written (Jackson 316).Of Mice and Men was also written during the time of the 1930s, the depression era. This novel is a short story of two men a small, short, and smart guy named George and a big, tall, mentally mentally retarded man named Lennie. The novel is based around these two main characters and their journey to fulfill their dream to find true happiness on a farm that they can one day call their own (Hearle)In Of Mice and Men the use of realism is not only seen through the discourage life of George and Lennie, but it also shows the life that Crooks, a black enduring hand on the farm, had. The character of Crooks is used to symbolize the social stand up of the black community occurring during the time at which the novel is set. Crooks is a lonely African American on the farm that feels out of place. As George and Lennie let off their dream to Crooks he brushes them off and says that no one around here can implement their dreams.This realism gives the reader an impression that Crooks has absolutely no hope. However, Crooks may be pessimistic, but yet even he has a dream, which is the hope of one day experiencing the joys ofhis childhood again. Crooks character is portrayed as very lonely in the novel, this is evident w hen Crooks explains, A guy ask someone. (Mice 77). Crooks is telling the reader the need of human interaction. This realism that Steinbeck uses shows the reader the harsh realities of the black community during the time of the depression in the 1930sSteinbeck not only uses realism to make an impact on his readers but he also uses strong characterization to his advantage as well (Howard). By using characters such as Ma Joad and Curleys wife, he is capable to personalize the novel for the reader. This technique that Steinbeck uses makes the reader feel like he/she can relate with the characters struggles, therefore, creating a greater sense of understanding toward the characters situations (Horn). These two characters can better be described as strong, courageous, and they show great amounts of integrity as well as faith. In order to write a great book that will make an impact on the reader, the author must not only use realism but also have a strong sense of characterization for t he reader to relate to. Steinbeck successfully achieved both of these aspects of a great novel.John Steinbecks character, Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath, is the epitome of a strong character. She is a supportive, loving woman, and surprisingly the familys center of strength (Britch and Lewis). She is intent on keeping the family whole and together. The family looks to Ma Joad for their source of hope and encouragement. She is the emotional and natural backbone of the family, and it is very important to her to provide the family with comfort, nourishment, and support. Without warning Grandpa began to cry. His raise wavered and his old lips tightened over his mouth and he sobbed hoarsely. Ma rushed over to him and put her arms around him. She lifted him to his feet,her broad back straining, and she fractional lifted, half helped him to the tent (Wrath 185). Steinbeck makes it clear to the reader in this passage that Ma is the first to step up in times of need, and she puts others b efore herself no matter what.Under the spread of the tarpaulin Grandma lay on a mattress, and Ma sat beside her. The air was stifling keen, and the flies buzzed in the shade of the canvas. Grandma was naked under a long foregather of pink curtain. She turned her old head restlessly from side to side, and shemuttered and choked. Ma sat on the ground beside her, and with a piece of cardboard operate the flies away and fanned a stream of moving hot air over the tight old face. Rose of Sharon sat on the other side and watched her mother (Wrath 285). The reader notices several times throughout the novel that Ma will care for anyone in need no matter what the circumstance. In show of her fundamental spirit she accepts Casey into the family because the Joads just do not refuse food an shelter or lift on the road to anybody that asks (Britch and Lewis).She takes it upon herself to look out for to avoid any discouragement to the other family. Grandma dies in the back of the wagon with Ma by her side, but trying to avoid any discouragement to the other family members, Ma does not share the news until they have reached their stopping point. The strength that Ma shows in this situation is far great that any exhibited by the other family members. Her expertness to care marks the measure of her self-respect. As the action progresses her caring does not change in kind but rather grows in comprehensiveness and intensity (Britch and Lewis). By creating such a noble character, Steinbeck greatly influences his readers, and his efforts in sharing the hardships these families in the 1930s went through are successful.The character of Curleys wife is a very vivid and unique one. She represented the way that women were viewed by society as a whole. Steinbeck portrayed Curleys wife as a temptress, when actually the woman is just craving for attention. Steinbeck made Curleys wife stand out by the fact that she was the only woman on the ranch, she was the only one who dressed to im press, and the only person without a full name (Thesing). Steinbeck often used very biased realmments like She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red.Her hair hung in smallish rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton dress and red mules, and the insteps of which were scant(p) bouquets of red ostrich feathers (Mice 31). These vivid and wild descriptions that Steinbeck created for Curleys wife is just one of the many characters that Steinbeck created, in order for the reader to feel or relate to what the character is going through. In Curleys wifes case she is an attention deprived woman that is just one of the many lonely people on the ranch.Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both figure the morality and necessary actions the characters choose as they pursue their dreams. Steinbeck uses the concept that dreams are better that reality, but that the dream is really hard to grasp. This concept is also used by three other famous authors who are Crane, Norris, and Dreiser (Benson 256-257). What is the American dream? The American dream is the faith held by many Americans, that through hard work, courage, and determination one can adhere financial prosperity and also some believe that it is led to an emphasis of material wealthiness as a measure of success and/or happiness. Like many people today the characters George, Lennie, Candy, Curleys wife, and the Joads all wanted the American dream. closely of their dreams of success, wealth and prosperity were depleted by the harsh realities of life. Most of the characters in the novel Of Mice and Men have a dream of something. George and Lennie are best friends that go everywhere together. Their dream is to someday own a farm of their own and have rabbits to tend to. The dream to Lennie is an antidote to disappointment and loneliness, and he often asks George to recite the description of the farm to him. This dream is ultimately unconnected when Lennie ki lls Curleys wife and George kills Lennie towards the end of the novel.This dream was later shared by two other friends on the farm, Candy and Crooks. As the reader can see these dreams are one way that the characters can cover up the loneliness and hopelessness of their existence. One other character in the novel that had a dream is Curleys wife. Curleys wifes dream is her fantasies in becoming a part in movies and having a life of luxury. This dream is shattered and never fulfilled, because of the dissatisfaction of her life and when she is accidentally killed by Lennie. As the reader can see the dreamers in the novel are undermined by the hard facts of reality (Astro 43).In the 1930s the country suffered ecological bareness called the depression. During this economy downfall the mid-west prairie state families suffer from a large drought that leaves them with nothing to survive. This terrible phenomenon is called the Dust Bowl. In attempt to escape this memorable time, a family called the Joads dream of wealth and success inthe great state of California. In order to pursue their dream they have to leave their place behind. This journey carries death and suffering with it when Grandma and Grandpa Joad dies and many of the family members leave the family. The family left Oklahoma in order to find jobs in California (Hearle). The Joads dream, which is well known as the American dream, is shattered by certain events and conditions that the Joads faced.In conclusion, John Steinbecks style of writing wedge society just as he had hoped. He wrote about real life experiences and hardships to show the reader what people went through, like the Joads and the many characters in Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck informed the reader of what families had to overcome, which ultimately impacted whoever read his novels. The use of realism, characterization, and dreams in his two novels made them the greatest American novels in history. works CitedAstro, Richard lexicon of litera ry Biography, plenty 9American Novelists, 1910-1915. A Bruccoli Clark layman Book. Ed. James J. Martine. Saint Bonaventure University. Gale Research 1981. 413-68Benson, Jackson J., John Steinbeck Novelist as a Scientist, in Novel A Forum on Fiction. Spring, 1977, 228-264.Britch, Carroll and Cliff Lewis, ontogenesis of the family in The Grapes of Wrath, inCritical Essays on Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath, Ed. John Ditsky, G.K. Hall. 1989, 97-108.Hearle, Kevin Dictionary of literary Biography, volume 212 twentieth-century American western writers. Second series. A Bruccoli Clark layperson Book. Ed.Richard H. Carcoft Brigham Young University. Gale Research Group. 1999,278-294.Horn, Jason G. Dictionary of Literary Biography volume 275. Twentieth century American Nature Writers Prose A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Ed. Roger Thompson, Virginia Military Institute, and J. Scott Bryson. St. bloody shames College. Gale Group 2003. 314-323Jackson, Joseph Henrey. The Finest Book John Steinbec k has written. Contemporary Literary Criticism, volume 59. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit, MI Gale Research Inc. 1990. 316-317.Levant, Howard. The Novels of John Steinbeck A Critical Study. ContemporaryLiterary Criticism, volume 75. Ed. Thomas Volteler. Detroit, MI Gale Research Inc. 1993, 356-351.Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath innovative York, New York Penguin Books U.S.A Inc. 1992.Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men, New York, New York Penguin Putnam Inc. 1993.Stegner, Wallace, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer Contemporary Literary Criticism, volume 34. Ed. Sharon K. Hall. Detroit, MI Gale Research Company, 1985. 405.Thesing, William B. Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 7 Twentieth-century American Dramatists, first series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Ed. John MacNicholas University of South Carolina, Gale Research. 1981. 271-276.

Chaucer on marriage

Chaucer looks at male and female perspectives on man and wife and shows the entire institution to be a farce, stereotyped by wealthy, piano old hands and five- course-old, beautiful, deceitful wives. January, the old man in the merchants tale, says jointure is so easy and so cline (1264), which is sarcastic as the merchant has al furbish up spoken out against marriage, and women in particular. Yet Januarys motivations to get married ar hardly pure, entirely more practical and shallow.For 60 year a waffles man was heel and followed ay his bodily delete/ on women (1248-50) after sixty years of fooling around with numerous women, he is ready to abide a wife on which he mighty engender anthem an replacement (1272). Rather than choosing a wife who is wise and loving and would heraldic bearing for him in his old age and sickness, he makes his decision as if he were choosing livestock, saying l wool noon Old . Nary Han / she shall Nat passee twenty year /and bet than old beef i s the tender live (1416-20).What is ironic is that January sees this way of approaching marriage as pure because it was so normal and standard. The purity of marriage would come if it were based on fill out and mutual respect, but instead for most men it is about having an heir and a beautiful wife. January cant see that hes leaving himself vulner subject to a young wife that will be deceitful and seek plea sure as shooting from jr. more attractive men, instead thinking he can a young thing may men gee,/ right as men may warm hex with handed Pyle (1429-30).In the wifes tale, she shows that old men cannot very mold their young wives into good, loving creatures. Although the wife of Bath sits she twelve year was of age housebound at creche door she has had five (4-6), she is no innocent. She manipulates and terrorizes her old husbands with her sexuality to gain money and control, until they are her detours and thralls (155). She ends up clay sculpture her old husbands to her will .For her a husband is a source of income, and she always sakes sure she has one lined up on the sidelines. She had her twenty percent husband ready to marry her by the time her fourth housebound was on beer (587), and she wept but small (592), be already purveyed of a make (591). Even though the fifth husband that she takes is younger than her and she is now in the old mans position, she is still able to control her young husband to a certain degree, although it is much harder.It seems similar an innate ability that women have to control their cabanas because its more than a choice method, but a way to find pleasure despite being in a technically submissive role. But a unbowed marriage shouldnt be about control. This is what makes marriage such a clowning to Chaucer, and he is very cynical towards it. The tradition and sanctity of marriage heart nothing because it is based on a foundation of lying and shallowness. work force and women conform to their stereotypes because of h ow society has shaped them and made marriage such a necessity.

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian substitute Christopher capital of Ohio sailed the ocean spunky in 1492 is a common expression used today around the denudation of the the Statess. What supervenes later on the discovery of the Americas? Transculturation. This is the mixing of cultures in which both sides diversify in genius way or an other (Murphy, 1-14-13). The Columbian commutation happened when people from atomic number 63 and Africa settled into Latin America and the Caribbean after the discovery of the Americas. The Columbian modify brought over diseases to the Americas, plants and animals, and the diversify of smooth-spoken.The colonization of the Americas made exchanging animals and plants happen daily. shekels was virtuoso plant that was brought over. Sugar was brought over to Brazil from the brink of Africa (Crosby, 69). Towards the end of the sixteenth century, Brazil became the biggest sustainr of sugarcane. At eldest, sugar was and bought by the rich people merely over tim e it was an important lick in everyones day to day life. Sugar could be stewed down into concentrated, fashioning it easy to fit in ships, causing it to create the cash clip for centuries (Chasteen, 24).Brazil was producing 57, 000 tons of sugar annu every last(predicate)y in 1610, in which the English started to pass water sugar which drove the take down in Brazil (Crosby, 69). Sugar created common working environments and ended up having slaves do all of the work. Slaves were purchased and brought in from West Africa (Wolfe, 150). Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, and many other plants were added to atomic number 63an and Africa diets. more crops that exist in europiuman nations have come from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange.Tomatoes were bragging(a) in the Americas sooner they made their way to Italy. Italy is known for their aliment that uses tomatoes and many people consider that the tomato originated in Italy. The tomato got brought back to Italy end-to-end the trips from the Americas. Maize was introduced to Asia in the 16th century, which was a situationor for population process in Asia (Crosby, 65). As Winn states But not very much of the Columbian counterchange was not irresponsible for the indigenous people of the Americas (Winn, 43), most of the Columbian reciprocation was lop sided. europiumans and Africans got the ruin end of the Columbian exchange overdue to the fact that they transferred many of the diseases sooner of receiving them. Along with plants, trade animals arrived in the America during Columbuss guerrilla voyage in 1493 (Crosby, 75). Horses, dogs, pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, and goats all arrived in the Americas in the 16th century. Pigs were the first animals to blow up, with 30,000 pigs in Cuba by 1514 (Crosby, 76). cows, same pigs, reproduced in great be and quickly adapted to the new environment.All of these animals were used almost way or another to produce a profit. Skin became the biggest e xport from America to Europe after colonization to the Americas happened (Murphy, 1-23-13). The make out was used to produce animals and sheep were used to produce clothing (Murphy, 1-23-13). Horses gave Bernal Diaz the advantage in defeating the Aztec to claim Mexico. Cattle provided meat which would not have been there if it wasnt for the colonization. The Spaniards realized that propertyy from the Americas could bring them indefinite coin, slice the atomic number 47 lasted.There was almost no silver being exported from the Americas to Europe forwards Columbus discovered the Americas. At the beginning of the 16th century, silver production in the Americas started to huckster rocket due to the Spaniards discovering the benefits of silver. In the 1540s, a silver mine set in Potosi, Peru was opened up by the Spaniards (Chasteen, 50). The townsfolk of Potosi blew up due to this new economic growth that was adventure. The working environments were harsh men had to drool p ounds and pounds of silver down the mountain (Murphy, 1-28-13).From 1503-1660, 700 million pounds of silver gets exported from the Americas to Europe (Murphy, 1-28-13). The difficulty with silver is that it has boom and bust motorbikes, where one family silver whitethorn be at its all-time high and the neighboring the economy takes a beating. The money being made was through the burdensome of this silver. The exchange of silver brought the Americas and the rest of the world together. This was due to the trade that was happening with the silver. The crown in Spain received around 40 percent of all the silver boodle (Wolfe, 139).The crown received this money due to the royal stag fifth or settlement of American taxes (Wolfe, 139). Around 30 percent of the silver was lawlessly traded to the crown did not receive that money (Murphy, 1-28-13). No food is suitable to grow at Potosi so all of it had to be imported from other countries. This created huge trade relations across the world. The food from Potosi would be imported from elsewhere because it was cheaper, causing the prices to rise in the Potosi economy (Wolfe, 139). In the too soon 1800s, the silver ran out and the town of Potosi went down with it.This shows how much the Spaniards had an impact on the Americas, Peru in this instance. The diseases that Europe and Africa brought in during colonization to the Americas were the biggest veto impact of the Columbian Exchange. Diseases wiped out populations in the Americas. Native Americans had no immunity towards the diseases that were coming in. Diseases like smallpox, measles, malaria, plague, and many others were killing native people uncontrollably. In lower and speeding Peru, the population declined from 5 million to less than ccc thousand in 1780-1790s (Wolfe, 135).As shown in this quote by Winn The way out was the greatest demographic disaster in history (Winn, 43), this epidemic effectuate wherever colonization happened in the Americas. The old world diseases were not by choice spread to the Americas but were a side effect of transculturation. The Columbian exchange was a major(ip) factor in the Colonization of the Americas. New foods were transfer between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Animals were also swapped during this exchange, which created economic opportunities.The finding of silver in Potosi helped Spain gain money through taxes. This was a boom and bust cycle which leads to Potosi becoming a ghost town. With colonization happening, diseases brought from the Europeans and Africans killed an uncountable amount of people in the Americas. The Columbian Exchange changed Latin America and the Caribbean fully. The real question is what would Latin America and the Caribbean be like if the Columbian Exchange never happened? whole kit Cited Chasteen, Encounter, in innate(p) in Blood and Fire, pp. 11-42 (3rd ed), 25-53 (2nd).Chasteen, The Colonial Crucible, in innate(p) in Blood, pp. 49-80 (3rd ed), 59-89 (2nd) . Crosby, Alfred, grizzly World Plants and Animals in the New World, in The Columbian Exchange biologic and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1973), pp. 64-121. Wolfe, Eric, Iberians in America, in Europe and the People without bill (Berkeley University of California Press, 1997 1982), pp. 131-157. Winn, Peter, The Legacies of Empire in Americas The Changing buttock of Latin America and the Caribbean (New York Pantheon Books, 1992), pp. 39-83Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 is a common expression used today about the discovery of the Americas. What happens after the discovery of the Americas? Transculturation. This is the mixing of cultures in which both sides change in one way or another (Murphy, 1-14-13). The Columbian Exchange happened when people from Europe and Africa settled into Latin America and the Caribbean after the discovery of the Americas. The Columbian Exchange brought over disea ses to the Americas, plants and animals, and the exchange of silver.The colonization of the Americas made exchanging animals and plants happen daily. Sugar was one plant that was brought over. Sugar was brought over to Brazil from the coast of Africa (Crosby, 69). Towards the end of the 16th century, Brazil became the biggest producer of sugarcane. At first, sugar was only bought by the rich but over time it was an important crop in everyones day to day life. Sugar could be boiled down into concentrated, making it easy to fit in ships, causing it to become the cash crop for centuries (Chasteen, 24).Brazil was producing 57, 000 tons of sugar annually in 1610, in which the English started to produce sugar which drove the production down in Brazil (Crosby, 69). Sugar created harsh working environments and ended up having slaves do all of the work. Slaves were purchased and brought in from West Africa (Wolfe, 150). Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, and many other plants were added to European and Africa diets. Many crops that exist in European nations have come from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange.Tomatoes were grown in the Americas before they made their way to Italy. Italy is known for their food that uses tomatoes and many people think that the tomato originated in Italy. The tomato got brought back to Italy throughout the trips from the Americas. Maize was introduced to Asia in the 16th century, which was a factor for population growth in Asia (Crosby, 65). As Winn states But not much of the Columbian exchange was not positive for the indigenous people of the Americas (Winn, 43), most of the Columbian exchange was lop sided.Europeans and Africans got the better end of the Columbian exchange due to the fact that they transferred many of the diseases instead of receiving them. Along with plants, imported animals arrived in the America during Columbuss second voyage in 1493 (Crosby, 75). Horses, dogs, pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, and goats all arrived in th e Americas in the 16th century. Pigs were the first animals to blow up, with 30,000 pigs in Cuba by 1514 (Crosby, 76). Cattle, like pigs, reproduced in great numbers and quickly adapted to the new environment.All of these animals were used some way or another to produce a profit. Skin became the biggest export from America to Europe after colonization to the Americas happened (Murphy, 1-23-13). The fat was used to produce animals and sheep were used to produce clothing (Murphy, 1-23-13). Horses gave Bernal Diaz the advantage in defeating the Aztec to claim Mexico. Cattle provided meat which would not have been there if it wasnt for the colonization. The Spaniards realized that silver from the Americas could bring them indefinite money, while the silver lasted.There was virtually no silver being exported from the Americas to Europe before Columbus discovered the Americas. At the beginning of the 16th century, silver production in the Americas started to sky rocket due to the Spaniard s discovering the benefits of silver. In the 1540s, a silver mine located in Potosi, Peru was opened up by the Spaniards (Chasteen, 50). The town of Potosi blew up due to this new economic growth that was happening. The working environments were harsh men had to carry pounds and pounds of silver down the mountain (Murphy, 1-28-13).From 1503-1660, 700 million pounds of silver gets exported from the Americas to Europe (Murphy, 1-28-13). The problem with silver is that it has boom and bust cycles, where one year silver may be at its all-time high and the next the economy takes a beating. The money being made was through the taxing of this silver. The exchange of silver brought the Americas and the rest of the world together. This was due to the trade that was happening with the silver. The crown in Spain received around 40 percent of all the silver profits (Wolfe, 139).The crown received this money due to the royal fifth or settlement of American taxes (Wolfe, 139). Around 30 percent o f the silver was illegally traded to the crown did not receive that money (Murphy, 1-28-13). No food is able to grow at Potosi so all of it had to be imported from other countries. This created huge trade relations across the world. The food from Potosi would be imported from elsewhere because it was cheaper, causing the prices to rise in the Potosi economy (Wolfe, 139). In the early 1800s, the silver ran out and the town of Potosi went down with it.This shows how much the Spaniards had an impact on the Americas, Peru in this instance. The diseases that Europe and Africa brought in during colonization to the Americas were the biggest negative impact of the Columbian Exchange. Diseases wiped out populations in the Americas. Native Americans had no immunity towards the diseases that were coming in. Diseases like smallpox, measles, malaria, plague, and many others were killing native people uncontrollably. In lower and upper Peru, the population declined from 5 million to less than 300 thousand in 1780-1790s (Wolfe, 135).As shown in this quote by Winn The result was the greatest demographic disaster in history (Winn, 43), this epidemic effected wherever colonization happened in the Americas. The old world diseases were not intentionally spread to the Americas but were a side effect of transculturation. The Columbian exchange was a major factor in the Colonization of the Americas. New foods were exchanged between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Animals were also swapped during this exchange, which created economic opportunities.The finding of silver in Potosi helped Spain gain money through taxes. This was a boom and bust cycle which leads to Potosi becoming a ghost town. With colonization happening, diseases brought from the Europeans and Africans killed an uncountable amount of people in the Americas. The Columbian Exchange changed Latin America and the Caribbean fully. The real question is what would Latin America and the Caribbean be like if the Columbian Exchange never happened? Works Cited Chasteen, Encounter, in Born in Blood and Fire, pp. 11-42 (3rd ed), 25-53 (2nd).Chasteen, The Colonial Crucible, in Born in Blood, pp. 49-80 (3rd ed), 59-89 (2nd). Crosby, Alfred, Old World Plants and Animals in the New World, in The Columbian Exchange Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1973), pp. 64-121. Wolfe, Eric, Iberians in America, in Europe and the People without History (Berkeley University of California Press, 1997 1982), pp. 131-157. Winn, Peter, The Legacies of Empire in Americas The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean (New York Pantheon Books, 1992), pp. 39-83

Timed writing rewrite: the Prince

Leaders of countries or Princes must make decisions that non many pass on agree with, but are the best for the public and he must make them, no matter the cost. Niccolo Machiavelli uses logos, ethos and distinct get to choice of words to prove the necessity for a ruler to be adequate to make unpopular decisions, in an survival from his agree the Prince (1532). Throughout the excerpt Machiavelli uses logos to talk about this issue in a analytical manner. His first step in approaching this topic is when he states to the indorser that others have tried to discuss how a prince should act.Machiavelli states that he is doing something along the comparable lines but what he says is that a prince must be able to do what is not seen as the right thing in the eyes of his people. He then goes to talk about the qualities a prince must have in order to make those tough decisions because not everything that a prince does will be loved by the people so he must discipline to deal with this . Machiavelli manages to address all of these points in his work while rest logical and he uses ethos to try and show the reader a urgency for such rulers, who are capable of the doing the right thing for his people still if they disagree.An example of this attempt by Machiavelli to establish credibility can be found in lines 3 5 being my intention to import useful to him who apprehends it to follow up the real truth of the matter than the supposition of it this provokes a response from the reader that does have the effect it should have, it makes Machiavelli seem to a greater extent credible in his argument and that this is not just some fairytale. That asseveration made by Machiavelli shows how clear and precise his diction is and this helps him as he tries to prove that a prince must be able to unpopular things that will benefit his nation.The clear and focused diction that is used adds to this a intact new meaning of understanding where now those who are reading this book can picture what the government needs to do for the betterment of nightclub as a whole. Machiavelli persuades his readers using logos and ethos and clear precise diction in his work the prince because he knows just how important it is for our president of a free state is necessary to helping the people.

Purpose of College

Going to college is very important to me and has many purposes. Attending college atomic number 50 be ch tout ensembleenging, but it can only if help you and your future. One important reason to attend college is to further your education. Furthering your education not only helps you square up things in life, but it also allows you to get a degree. By having a degree It can open doors for Job opportunities and many other things. acquire my degree is very important to me. College Is also a time to pose up and get under ones skin an adult.College is a time to learn to be Independent, to learn to be responsible, to mature, and to learn real world responsibilities. One must become responsible while In college, because you dont have parents to tell you what to do anymore. Your decisions assume you, and can affect the people around you. My parents have stressed to me since sidereal day one how Important college Is. They told me I wasnt getting a free tatter Into college, and tha t I had to work and become something of myself. I had to work not only on my academics, but also at my athletics. Liege Is a marvellous opportunity to make lifelong friendships and memories that one can cherish forever. being a part of a prepare is a great disembodied spirit and I cant thank my parents enough for pushing me every step of the agency to get me w here(predicate) I am today. It was a little ruff, but it was all worth it. College is a time for one to have fun, and to become a part of your school you attend. Get involved. Join something you havent done before, whether it is a sport, a faith based organization, or something involving your field of study.College is all about erudition new things and experiencing things you never have before, so why not defend advantage of it. College is a very important thing to me, and it is something everyone should take soberly because it is not free, and you can learn so much from attending college. College is a once in a lifeti me thing, so I severalize make the best of it. I cannot wait to see what the rest of this family has in store for me here at South. It is a great school and I am so thankful I am here

Is intelligence innate? Essay

For many long time, in that respect had been a debate over whether genes al star squeeze out determine ones intelligence or whether the environment and training can extend ones intelligence. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to catching predispositions. This is known as the nature hypothesis of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the keep theory of human behavior. Intelligence can be employed to doom the amount of knowledge available and the rapidity with which new knowledge is acquired the qualification to adapt to new situations and to handle concepts, relationships, and face-lift symbols.Scientists have known for years that traits such as eye color and hair color are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. The spirit Theory takes things a step further to scan that more abstract traits such as intelligence, personality, aggr ession, and sexual orientation are also encoded in an individuals DNA. at that placefore, it is argued that intelligence is innate. People are born with it. There are also beliefs that the more folds you have in your brain, the more sizable you are as your brain contains more neurons. Intelligence can be inherited. This can be used to explain why people say that Jews are smart. According to adoption studies, adopted children have more resembling intelligence lots than their adoptive parents who reared them from birth.Supporters of the Nurture Theory do non deny that genetic tendencies whitethorn exist, but believe that they ultimately do not matter. Our behavioral aspects originate only from the environmental factors of our upbringing. Therefore, intelligence can be augment or augmented if one goes through training. The splendour of twin studies is evident if we look at the studies objectively, if intelligence is basically hereditary, identical twins who have the same geneti c legacy. Joness study (1946) shows that in that location is a modest difference in the intelligence test scores of twins reared apart, and the more divergent the environments, the greater the difference.I believe that it is a combination of both nature and nurture. Intelligence can be increased by training, but how much it can be increased really muchdepend on ones innate intelligence. We are all born with a certain I.Q.. Some people may have higher intelligence than others. However, if both a high I.Q. person and low I.Q. person goes through similar training, they can both increase their intelligence, but it would be easier for the high I.Q. person to increase his/her intelligence.I tone of voice that it is not possible for ones intelligence to be totally determined by the genes. If this had been the case, we would be living in a scarey world. Our intelligence would be decided once we are born, and there is cipher we can do to change it. We have to live with it for the rest of our lives. I believe our environment plays a part. We can only fulfill our genetic potential by first, optimizing our environmental factors. For example, people living in ordinal world countries may be born with the same intelligence aim as other people in first world countries. However, they do not have the optimum environment to realize their potential, thus they pabulum much worse than others in first world countries.Genes only exercise as guidelines. The rest is derived from interactions with the environment. Individual intelligence and human behavior cannot be predicted based on knowledge of genetics and the environment. When something is considered determined, free will is destroyed.

Health and Body Essay

Well I believe that every six health elements are nigh our world daily. Because we in all hold back physical health to keep the well being of the healthy counterweight for our mind and system. The way we treat our body reflects the wellness that our body chiffonier obtain. That up to you do you want to live a healthy disembodied spirit or not. Its many ways to keep the physical expireness so that our body groundwork be healthy. Exercises and many sport activities allow attend get our body in physical shape.But it can in like manner backfire on you just because you are physical fit. Dont mean youre physical healthy. Because you can be physical fit but you can have a bad heart or liver. This could happen because you have abuse your body for so many long time with eating UN healthy foods, smoking, drinking, and drugs abuse. When you do decide to do right with your body. Your body rejects because it too late.So it important to start earlier sets a consignment and motivation to set many goals. To stay physically healthy and fit. in the first place it too late. The emotional health is the most important part of our life. With the emotions we carried around has a big impact on our life our emotions help us on what shell of lifestyle we want to obtain like the type of friends, jobs, family, and relationships, depending on what type of emotions we carry around.Like for example if you go to dress with a real hateful, bitter, lazy, loud complaining and cursing everyone out that flood tide in your presents . You will lose your job. And that attitude you also loss your family friends and everything you can think of. So that why I said we need all six elements to make it in this world today. Because without the physical, emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual and environmental health. Without these Elements you will be emotionally mental and unhealthy to our society.

Legalizing Marijuana in the United States

I. IntroductionMarijuana has been one of the most(prenominal) researched drugs in the history of pharmacology, and there is still considerable dis fit outment about its short-term and semipermanent effects. It was made an illicit drug in the united States, and m some(prenominal) states befool established harsh penalties for those convicted of possession of even small amounts. In the juvenile years, there has been a move toward decriminalization of marihuana (Bock, 2000).Marijuana is the expose given in the United States to the drug produced from the hemp plant ganja sativa. The delectation of cannabis derivatives chthonic much(prenominal) names as hashish, charas, bhang, and ganja is widespread throughout the world. The most active ingredient of the plant derivative is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The potency of this chemical is indicated by the fact that the average street sample of hemp adjudges less(prenominal) than .5% THC (Weisheit, 1992).Some samples ar considera bly steeper in THC content thus, effects from the drug transfigure according to its quality, meaning its THC content. The flowering parts of the plant contain the greatest amounts of THC (Goode, Pp. 567-575). These are usually dried and rotterd, yet they whitethorn be made into a drink approximatelywhat uniform afternoon tea or blended into various cooking recipes. Somehow, marijuana has been delectationd for some medications but it is not a valid ground to legalize it because it has negatively charged effects to human bodies.Moreover, marijuana is still illegal in most places. Under federal law a person can be sentenced to up to one year in jail or a $5000 fine, or both, for simple possession of marijuana. Every year about 400,000 concourse are arrested for possession about 80 percent are under age 26.II. BackgroundA. Why should it be legalized?I personally agree that marijuana should be legalized because it is being used as legal medical checkup therapy for several con ditions. Careful studies have shown that it is effective in treating severe sickness in cancer patient undergoing chem differentapy. Older patients seem to respond less well than younger patients and complain much about side-effects, including feeling stoned. Researchers are continuing studies of marijuanas possible usefulness in cut back pressure within the eye in glaucoma and in treating muscle spasticity (Earleywine, 2002). about people use marijuana for the neutered states it produces. These states are a dinky easier to control than those produced by other hallucinogenic drugs, unless the dosage is very senior high. At low to concord dosages, hallucinations are not present. Instead, the person typically reports of calmness, increase sensory awareness, changes in space and time, and increased appetite, a good deal with a propensity for sweets.In addition, marijuana has been used for thousands of years, both as a euphony and for its intoxicating effects. In the form of t ablets, marijuana is frequently prescribed to take up the nausea and vomiting that often accomp each chemotherapy. Moreover, most people use marijuana for the altered states it produces (Kreit, 2003). These states are a little easier to control than those produced by other hallucinogenic drugs, unless the dosage is very high. At low to moderate dosages, hallucinations are not present. Instead, the person typically reports of calmness, increased sensory awareness, changes in space and time, and increased appetite, often with a craving for sweets. some(prenominal) researchers also have concluded that smoking marijuana is no to a greater extent dangerous, and mayhap even less so, than smoking cigarettes or using alcohol (Nadelmann, 2004).B. Pros and ConsMany perceptual and emotional effects follow marijuana smoking. Sensory pay off may rick more intense smells are richer, textures feel more sensuous, objects are seen as more beautiful, sounds are more brilliant, and ideas flow mo re freely, although they may be disjointed. The person may experience an emotional high in which he or she feels joyful, tranquil, and happy. The effects of marijuana, however, are like those of other drugs they very much depend on the person and the setting. Taken in a pleasant, relaxed social situation, marijuana can be quite forbidding (Earleywine, pp. 123-156). Also, people who are naturally paranoid, suspicious, or aggressive may become more so under the influence of marijuana the calm, better-adjusted users are more apt to experience a euphoric high.Its non-medical use, however, is illegal in the United States and most other countries. The penalties for possessing or using marijuana are, in many states, as severe as those imposed for the possession or use of much more potent drugs (Goode, 2000). Many argue that marijuana is no more harmful than cigarettes and liquor and should be legalized.The growing consensus of research on marijuana would suggest that it is not a safe drug . Indeed, it is doubtful whether any drug taken frequently by choice is advisable. The issue, though, is frequency of use. The publications on chronic users of marijuanathat is, people who use it a rophy and over a long period of timesuggests rather powerfully that there are serious deficits in some cognitive abilities such as memory. In addition, heavier users experience some undesirable personality changes, problems with sleep, deficits in psychomotor abilities such as driving, and changes in motivational levels that produce unemotionality and a lack of striving for achievement (Schlosser, 1994).Finally, there are a number of factors that influence the effect of a particular drug. There are factors associated with the drug, including its purity and the method of its purity and the method of its administration. Subject unsettleds that are central include body weight, metabolic rate, whether or not the person has eaten, world-wide state of health, and previous experience with the drug. In trying to predict how any one person depart react to a drug, these factors, and many others, mustiness be taken into account.But there is another important variable that plays a major role in drug reactions, and too often its effects are overlooked (Souder, 1998). That variable is the users apprehension of the drugs effect. Research has shown that the experience many drug users will have is not just a result of the physiological and biochemical changes produced by the drug, but also depends on how they think they are conjectural to respond, or how they see others around them responding. These factors must also be considered when evaluating the reasons for altered states of consciousness through drug use.a.) Respiratory effects Because marijuana smoke is deeply inhaled, retained in the lungs, and contains many of the same harmful ingredients as tobacco smoke, users show signs of impaired lung functioning when compared to nonusers. Like tobacco smoke, marijuana smoke contains carcinogenic agents, but since many pot smokers also tobacco, it has been impregnable to isolate marijuanas impact on lung cancer. At this point, the show is merely suggestive (Earleywine, 2002).b.) Immune system Animal studies have suggested that marijuana can dampen the bodys resistance to disease, but no studies have been done to confirm or refute this danger in human beings (Earleywine, 2002).c.) Mental effects While there is no conclusion that marijuana causes the brain to shrink, it can lead to amotivational syndrome, which researchers define as a mental dulling, emotional blunting, and loss of drift and goal-directedness (Earleywine, 2002).III. ConclusionIn conclusion, in the last decade marijuana dealing has become a multibillion-dollar business, rank right behind General Motors and Exxon. Throughout the world, marijuana seems to be the ordinal most popular mind-altering drug, following caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. However, marijuana use seems to be on the decline nationally, especially among young people in high school and college.At low moderate doses, marijuana acts somewhat like alcohol and some tranquilizers, and like alcohol, the drug takes effects within minutes. different alcohol, marijuana at low doses does not dull sensation but may cause slight alterations in perception, so that it is unsafe to drive a car for as long as 4 to 6 hours after a single joint.After the thorough studies, I and so conclude that marijuana should be legalized because it has positive effects if properly used. On the other hand, the use of marijuana should be case to case solid ground and should only be used for medications.Reference1. Belenko, S. R. (2001). Drugs and Drug Policy in America A Documentary History. Greenwood Press. Westport, CT. Pp. 34-67.2. Bock, Alan W. (2000). Waiting to Inhale The Politics of medical Marijuana. Seven Locks. Santa Ana, CA.3. Earleywine, M. (2002). Understanding Marijuana A naked as a jaybird Look at the Scientifi c Evidence. Oxford University Press. New York. Pp. 123-156.4. Goode, E. (2000). Marijuana. Atherton. Chicago. Pp. 567-575.5. Kreit, Alex (2003). The Future of Medical Marijuana Should the States Grow Their sustain? University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 1516. Nadelmann, Ethan A. (2004). An End to Marijuana Prohibition The Drive to allow Picks Up. National Review, Vol. 567. Weisheit, Ralph A. (1992). Domestic Marijuana A Neglected Industry. Greenwood Press. New York.8. Schlosser, Eric (1994). Marijuana and the Law. The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 2749. Souder, Mark (1998). Q Is the Governments War against Marijuana Justified as Public Policy? Insight on the News, Vol. 13.

Sarcasm in News

atomic number 7 Korea, one of the most modern country in the public and well know of their great military power to protect their hold country per their own claim. The political sympathies has spent huge amount of capital in development of their weapon technology from nuclear bomb to missiles. The citizens of North Korea are too proud of having such a wise government to allocate all their resources on weapon development instead of economics. They go been living peace fully. This skillful mirrored a quote from Steve Jobs hold up hungry, stick happy ( originally Is stay hungry, ATA foolish).A Democratic Presidential Election? As they compliments to be a member In the democratic world. , recently, they conducted a presidential election. What they believe Is this mechanism do-nothing serve a asshole to shake hand with the western and mouth their democratic culture. The voting dodging Is designed as below the votingr will be stipulation a choice. The ballot paper containe d ii boxes one In which to vote for the party , and another where anyone who doesnt support the popular opinion party could write their pick out and address.As you quarter see, the voting process is widely open without anonymous vote. Isnt that marvellous? No need to be anonymous, just let everyone know whos your outflank choice. Eventually, the election is fair, open and peaceful. What percentage of the vote do you think 52%, 63% or 85%? The answer is ampere-second%. According to the prescribed report, it said that 99. 97% of all registered electors across the country participated in the election, and 100% of them voted for the candidates were elected. The outcome equally expresses the absolute support and rust of all voters in the country.After the election, they have received congratulation letter from Iran they described my election as overjoyed to see that the hearts of the Korean people are fully behind their glorious chairman. The U. S. President Obama is busy with his golf game and can not response this immediately. The only candidate and the final winner Kim Gong-UN encourages him to chin wagging this election result on his Face Book. The greet leader is willing to offer the successful experience to America.Sarcasm in News By Minnie wear away a quote from Steve Jobs stay hungry, stay happy ( originally is stay hungry, stay foolish). A Democratic Presidential Election? As they want to be a member in the believe is this mechanism can serve a tool to shake hand with the western and express their democratic culture. The voting system is designed as below the voter will be given a choice. The ballot paper contained two boxes one in which to vote for the party , and another where anyone who doesnt support the ruling party could without anonymous vote. Isnt that wonderful? No need to be anonymous, Just let

A Comparative Study of the Field Criminal Justice and Criminology

A Comparative Study of the Fields felonious legal expert and Criminology Javier Landa-Miranda ivy Tech Community College CRIM 101 What is whitlow arbiter and what is Criminology? They argon the alike? Those argon the irresolutions that raft ask their selves when they talk about those domains. There capability be some(prenominal) another(prenominal) controversies about the diversions and similarities about whitlow rightness and Criminology. community must think that these 2 field ar totally contrasting or just the selfsame(prenominal) thing. The reality is that felon legal expert and Criminology are two handle that have many differences but at the same time many similarities.To identify the differences and similarities first, we have to identify what is felonious Justice and Criminology. What is shepherds crook Justice? Well, for sure is not specific job homework or a class that someone cigarette take and considered him or herself ready to serve as a police offi cer, detective, etc. On the different hand, Criminal Justice is the sketch of how justness is dispensed in our ashes of government activity and around the world. Also Criminal Justice is the system of practice of governments directed at upholding companionable control, deterring crime, and sanctioning those who violate the constabulary.The study of Criminal Justice will help anyone to identify the different jobs where flock can get involved with a degree in Criminal Justice. Another important factor to note is that police agencies, courts, and corrections are part of the system of Criminal Justice. Each of those three components plays different functions in the Criminal Justice System ( count on Harold). Actually, society has a betrothal with Criminal Justice System about Individual Rights and Public Order. This conflict refers to the question what are more important Individual rights or Public differentiate?This has been a serious issue for the Criminal Justice System be cause they chastise to balance both to maintain order in society. Is important to shaft that Criminal Justice has a put to work, know as Due process or Bill of Rights. This process protect twists rights and is required by the U. S. fundamental law and force Criminal Justice case processing be conducted with fair-mindedness and equity. This means that a bend cant be arrested or send it to jail without fallowing the correct process that will protect criminals rights. Criminal Justice lso has several conflicts inside his own field with his agencies (The Defendants). The consensus exemplification and conflict model are the more common. Consensus model refers to government agencies that work together against crime to maintain order. In the other hand, conflict model means that agencies win more when they compete each other instead of working together to maintain order this last model has been a serious issue to Criminal Justice System because this can make complicated to maintain public order and keep asylum in the streets.People as police, detectives or special agents that work in the criminal justice field have a lot of purposes in classless society, but the most important for them are enforce the law of the society, glom criminals, prevent crime, preserve domestic peace and tranquility, and provide the community with needful enforcement-related services (Major Cities). Criminology is the study the origin, extent, and criminal behavior including factors and causes of crime. College students that follow Criminology as a career, learn about different types of crime and how public responds to crime.This field focuses more in the psychology and ideology of a criminal (Criminology 2010). Criminology always is nerve-wracking to solve the question, wherefore crime occurred and why wad commit them? This is why Criminology prepares a student to understand criminals behavior. Criminologists are in general concerned with identifying the suspected cause of cr ime. fifty-fifty though some criminologists practice their research to justice and social control and are concerned with how the agencies of justice operate. Criminology, 2000). Unlike Criminal Justice, Criminology has different methods of research as surveys, experiments, observing and intensifier interviewing, research using existing data, and comparative and historical research. This process has to be done to prove theories and hypothesis related to a crime investigation. Even though, is common for Criminology courses to evaluate the agencies of justice and for Criminal Justice programs to feature courses on Criminology.The higher(prenominal) level of education the more possibilities to get a higher position at any agency related with his career. Sometimes stack find hard and cannot differentiate between Criminal Justice and Criminology. This befall because between these two fields at that place are not many differences, on the other hand there is more similarities then mi ckle think. The exclusively differences between these two fields are Criminal Justice is more related with crime control and how is punished. That is why Criminal Justice focuses more in policing, corrections and criminal courts.The main purpose of Criminal Justice is to prevent crime and apply the law to whoever broke the law (Criminal Justice 2013). On the other hand, criminology focuses more in the behavioral and social science that explores the origins of criminal behavior and the social response to crime. Another difference of Criminology is the application of the scientific method to understand and explain interactions of why people commit crime, law-making, law-breaking, and the reactions of society to these processes (Criminology and Criminal Justice).On the other hand the similarities of these two fields are easier to understand and explain. Sometimes Criminology is called Criminal Justice and other people thinks that these two fields are so inter-related that they should be considering as a discipline. As well as Criminal Justice, Criminology is related to courts, and police departments, the only difference is that Criminology focuses in why people commit crime, when Criminal Justice in how and what punishment the criminal should received (Criminology and Criminal Justice).Both fields Criminal Justice and Criminology agree that the cause of violence is related to socialization, exposure to violence, ethnic values subculture of violence, psycheal traits and human instinct (Criminology 2010). A student in Criminology as well as a student in Criminal Justice can become member of a police department, a special agency, or courts. Even with a Criminology degree that same person can perform the work of another person with a Criminal Justice degree.Criminal Justice and Criminology are two different fields til now might be hard to some people to distinguish these two fields due to the similar aspects. Even though, the study of these fields had brought man y controversies and different point of view about the relation between these fields. People, who are interested in these two fields as a emerging career, might find hard to identify the differences and similarities. It is important to have a clear estimate what is the role of each field before acquire one.This essay might not clarify everyones questions but gives an idea of how Criminal Justice and Criminology works and how each field performs its work. Even thought, there might be appear new questions and controversies about these two fields that will need to be solve. References For a good overview of the issues involved, see Judge Harold J. Rothwax, Guilty The Collapse of Criminal Justice ( modern York Random House, 1996) The Defendants Rights at a Criminal Trial, http//www. mycounsel. om//content/arrest/courts/rights. html (accessed February 10, 2010). Major Cities Chiefs Association, Terrorism The reach on State and Local Law Enforcement, Intelligence Commanders Conference Report, June 2002, http//www. neiassociates. org/mccintelligencereport. pdf (Accessed folk 30, 2009). Criminology and criminal justice frequently asked questions. Informally promulgated manuscript, Slippery arguing University, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, Retrieved from http//academics. ru. edu/sasw/criminology/faq. html Criminal justice. (2013). Informally published manuscript, Department of Justice, Indiana University South Bend, Indianapolis. Indiana, Retrieved from https//www. iusb. edu/criminal-justice/index. php Criminology. (2000). Informally published manuscript, Department of Criminology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, Retrieved from http//criminology. pages. tcnj. edu/ (2010). Criminology theories, patterns, and typologies. . (10th ed. , p. 554). Belmont, CA Wadsworth.

Need and Respect

Most populate appreciate receiving obedience from others however, much of the time wad fail to bounce find. Respect expects a number of forms Respect for other people, respect for peoples property, and by chance most importantly, respect for oneself. If you sine qua non others to give you respect, you must first gyp how to give respect yourself. People need to be treated with Respect. Everyone needs and deserves respect. Respect is a basic human need. We all crave respect and we all should give respect. The Golden rule, Due unto others as you would deport do unto you, is perfect example of respect.This famous saying means treat others as you would want to be treated. Or in other words respect everyone. The great hold upon people is the desire for respect and admiration by others. Why? People need friends and to feel loved. If you are constantly spurned by people it hurts and it may form the way you respect someone. forgiveness is remembering the humanity behind the cas e. Compassion is remembering the role you have in someones life. Compassion is listening rather than only looking like you are listening. Compassion is treating someone as you would want yourself, or a close family member whom you care about, to be treated.We placet always do what we want for someone, provide the services needed, take the necessary action but we jakes always treat people as if they are human beings and we can always show respect and behave with dignity. Respect is not an emotion its an action we perform. It is something we do to show others we value them. Showing respect is one way we can show compassion and bring healing to someone during a pliant time in ones life. Compassion in amicable work is teamwork we all have to work together to help and give birth lives.

My Science Fair Project Essay

My science fair project is about the run low contagious disease through different veneers. A veneer is the outer part of the house. It bottom also be called a siding. The veneers I apply were brick, cement fiber, and vinyl. I used these because they were three very common veneers. I thought if I used common veneers it would make the project mean more because sight can see sound transmission through common sidings. The representation I built the cement fiber and vinyl siding boxes was, I cut plywood sides. later on I cut the sides I nailed them unitedly to make a box. later I made the box I wrapped the houses in house wrap. House wrap is used as a moisture barrier. My purpose for the house wrap is not to term of enlistment water from coming in, but, I used it because most houses use it. After I wrapped the houses I nailed the siding on. I so used wood putty to fill the holes.The brick box was a different procedure. After I wrapped the brick box I had to build a syllabus th en I had to lay the brick with mortar. I had to attach the brick to the plywood with the jetty ties. I tested my buildings by putting a transistor radio set into the plywood box. After I put it in the box I turned it on at a low level, I then put the lid on the box and I used my sound level meter. This meter measures the amount of hahniums coming out of the house. A hahnium is a unit of measurement for sound. I also did the same occasion on a loud and a medium sound level. I did this with all of the boxes. The brick box produced an middling of 10.33 dubniums at a (80) 43 decibel volume, an average of 13 decibels at a (90) 53 decibel volume, and an average of 19.66 at a (100) 63 decibel volume with a add average of 14.33 decibels.The cement fiber box produced an average of 19 decibels at a (80) 43 decibel volume, an average of 22 decibels at a (90) 53 decibel volume and an average of 30 decibels at a (100) 63 decibel volume. The Vinyl box produced an average of 27 decibels at a (80) 43 decibel volume, an average of 26.66 decibels at a (90) 53 decibel volume and an average of 33 decibels in a (100) decibel volume. My results of my project proved my hypothesis of brick producing the least amount of sound transmission.

A Passage to India: Culture Clash

CONTEXT British context ?Forster was a British writer and close of his readers were British. His work reflects also England and the period in which Forster lived and wrote. He is commonly regarded as an Edwardian new(a)ist, because his first four novels were published during the govern of King Edward VII (1901-1910) in this period his values and outlook were developed. ?England had underg star the traumatic experience of the First World War more than 750000 soldiers were killed, along with some other million from other part of British empire. Between 1912 and 1924, the British insurance policy had also changed in that respect were twain main parties, the Liberal and the Conservative. ?British Empire was changing. The change was more evident in Ireland. Ireland gained the indipendence in 1921. KEY POINTS ? right TITLE A going to India ?AUTHOR Edward Morgan Forster ?TYPE OF WORK childlike ?TIME AND PLACE WRITTEN 1912-1924 England ?DATE OF FIRST PUBLICATION 1924 ? distort Pas t ?THEMES Culture showdown Friendship Ambiguity Religion ?CHARACTERS Dr Aziz, Mr Fielding, Adela Quested, Mrs. Moore, Ronny Healsop ? orbit ( TIME ) 1910s or 1920s SETTING ( PLACE ) India, specific solelyy the cities of Chandrapore and Mau. Carico CHARACTERS Dr Aziz ?Is the central Indian eccentric mortal in the novel. ?He works at the authorities hospital in Chandrapore. ?He writes poetry and his favorite poetic themes be the Decay of Islam and the brevity of Love. ?Hes described as a true Oriental person. ?Hes very good give and his involuntary nature get him into situations that cause him trouble. ?Like troopsy another(prenominal) of his friends prefers to communicte throught confidences, underlying terminology and indirect speech ? Like many other Indians struggles with the problem of the English in India.CHARACTERS Mr Fielding ?The principal of the Government College (that is, a British? roam school) in Chandrapore. ?He has no racial feeling. ?Hes far and away som e the successful at developing relationships with inhering Indians. ?Hes slight comfortable in afternoon teacher pupil interaction than he is in one -on- one conversation with some other individual ? Serves as Forsters model of liberal humanism. ?At the and of the novel Forster seems to identify with Fielding less. CHARACTERS Adela Quested ?Her character develops in parallel to Mrs Moores one ?Shes an individual and educated free thinker Adela hopes to see the accepted India ?She puts her mind to the task, precisely not her heart and therfore never connects with Indians. CHARACTERS Mrs. Moore ?Mrs. Moore serves a triplex function in A Passage to India ? Shes initially a literal character. ?She becomes more a attributeic presence. ?The solution to the problem in India. ?Her name becomes more associeted with Hinduism ?Shes the heroine of the novel CHARACTERS Ronny Heaslop ?Forster s emphasis is on the change that happened, when Ronny first arrived in India. ?Ronnys character is a word stimulate of case, an exploration of the restrictions of English colonial. Ronnys tastes, opinions and even his manner of speaking atomic number 18 no longer his own, but those of older, ostensibly wiser British Indian officials. ?Clash with both(prenominal) Adela and his mother, Mrs. Moore. CHARACTERS on that point argon also some characters that are less important that the previous and are ? Mahmoud Ali a Moslem and a secretive friend of Dr Aziz. ?Major Callender the head of the government hospital in Chandrapore. ? professor beau idealbole an Indian who teaches at the college of Chandrapore. ?Hamidullah a Moslem, educated at Cambridge University. ?Mr. McBride the district super of police in Chadrapore.Carico DEEPENING ON FEMALE CHARACTERS ?Adela Quested ?A young Englishwoman who comes to India With Mrs. Moore. ?She is expected to marry Mrs. Moores son Ronny Heaslop. ?Her behavior radically affects the lives of the characters around her. ?On a symbolic level, A dela may also represent intimately peoples softness to communicate or to understand the deeper patterns and meaning of spirit. While she is at Fieldings tea party, she remarks that she is not planning to stay long in India. ?She breaks off her network with Ronny and stays with Fielding for a while forward leaving India and return to England.She does not reappear after this. DEEPENING ON FEMALE CHARACTERS ?Mrs. Moore. ?She is the most sensitive and reflective of the English characters. ? An elderly widow, she is the mother of Ronny Heaslop, She also has another(prenominal) son, Ralph, and a daughter, Stella, by her second marriage. ?Mrs. Moore is introduced in Chapter two when she meets Dr. Aziz in the mosque in Chandrapore. Her they talk, and a friendship develops Aziz is happy to have met an English person who is gracious toward him and India, while Mrs. Moore finds Aziz charming, intelligent, and interesting. ?In the meantime, Mrs.Moore argues with Ronny and when it becomes clear that Ronny and Adela will not marry, Mrs. Moore realizes that her duties there were seemingly finished. She doesnt want to see India Mrs. Moore has lost interest in the trip. For her, the echos put across is Everything exists, cypher has value. Shortly thereafter? just before Azizs trial? she leaves India we later learn that she has died on the voyage back to England However, her presence continues to be felt after her death. ?At the end of the novel, the spirit of Mrs. Moore returns to India symbolically in the form of her daughter Stella, who has married Mr.Fielding. THEMES Culture Clash ?The clash amongst two acknowledgeables cultures, those of the east and those of the West. ?The West is represented by the Anglo Indians in Chandrapore. ?Their social life centers around the Chandrapore confederation. ?They have no desire to understand India or Indians. ?The eastside is represented by the Indians. ?We have a clash also between two distinct group of Indian Moslem s and Hindus. ?Hindus have no brain of society. THEMES Friendship ?Is one of the most important things in life. ?There are many friendships 1. Dr Aziz and his friends Hamidullah and Mahmoud Ali . Dr Aziz and Mrs. Moore 3. Aziz has a curious friendship with Professor Godbole. 4. British and Indians ?Impersonal forces at work in India will not just allow the friendship between English and Indians. THEMES Ambiguity ?A Passage to India is full of equivocalness. ?In chapter 7 are introduced two terms that are repeated several times througthout the novel mistery and muddle. ?Doubt and ambiguity surround two different events in the book that occur at the Marabar Caves 1. Those of Adela. 2. Those of Mrs. Moore. THEMES Religion ?Religion is the major preoccupation in the book. The three parts of the book Mosque Cave and Temple, generally correspond to these religions 1. Aziz loves the cultural aspects of his Islamic heritage. 2. The Anglo Indians are spokemen of Christianity 3. Professo r Godbole is the central Hindu figure in the book. His belief is the most representative of the true spirit of India. STYLE ?A Passage to India is written in the third person, with an impersonal write up voice. ?The narrator is apparently omniscent. ?The narrative focus shifts from a description of external events and enters the consciousness of one character or another. At the same time, however, the narrative withholds a full story of certain events, most notably the misadventures that befall Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested at the Marabar Caves. Indeed, in relative these details, the narrator is ambiguous rather than omniscient. STRUCTURE ?A Passage to India is change integrity into three parts or sections 1. class 1 , titeld Mosque, takes place during the cool, dry out season. 2. Part 2, titeld Caves, takes place during the hot season. 3. Part 3, titled, Temples, takes place during the rain season. ?Part 3 is the shortest of the three sections of the novel and might be consi dered as an epilogue.SETTINGS ?Chandrapore and in the Marabar Caves ?Within the town itself the author identifies several settings 1. Civil Station 2. Chandrapore Club 3. Public places ?The third section is set in the town of Mau, a Hindu state several miles from Chandrapore. SETTINGS Although Forster uses poetic license in grant places, the settings correspond to real places in India. The novels main city, Chandrapore, is actually based on the Indian suburb Bankipore, part of the city of Patna in the northern share of Bihar. The invented name, however, is not so far fetched.Forster probably chose this city for its different government agency of India its culture, history, and nature are all noteworthy. The town of Mau, is an example of an Indian knoll station, a retreat from Indian plains that offers a serene place of cup of tea to both tourists and natives. The Marabar Caves about which Aziz knows so little are based on the Jain Temples on the Barabar piles, once considered a retreat for Jain monks. The most impressive of the four caves on the Barabar Hills is Loma Rishi. The three other caves on the Barabar Hill are Sudama), Karnachopar, and Visvajhopri. SYMBOL ?The most obvious symbols are mosque and cave.Both for Aziz and Mrs. Moore, the mosque is a symbol of refuge and peace, a sanctuary. The first meeting of Aziz and Mrs. Moore takes place in the mosque at night, under the moonlight. Mrs. Moore has gone to the mosque because she is bored with the play she has been attending at the Chandrapore club. ?The mosque, is a symbol of the real India. ?The cave bears some resemblance to the mosque, in that both are closed spaces. Here, however, the resemblance ends. The cave is dark, featureless, and menacing. Although there are many caves at Marabar, it is impossible to distinguish one from another they are all alike. We dont know the real meaning of this symbol but It is at least certain that whatever else they might suggest, they stand for fault and mea ninglessness, or what Mrs. Moore calls muddle. THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE CENTRAL EPISODE. ?One of the most uncomparable aspects of Forsters novel is the uncertainty, the sense of not defined, which is focused on the central sequence of the book the alleged attempted rape in Marabar caves. In fact, the writer says nothing about what actually happened in the caves in the novel there is a contrast between the before and the after that leaves the door kick in to interpretation. Forster himself said so very ambiguous, In the caves there is, a man an hallucination or the supernatural. If I say it becomes whatever the answer, a different book. ? This uncertainty is also present in the film between the before and the after theres a sharp cut that the knockout can interpret as he wishes, by carefully observing the scene we can feeling that Aziz is actually entered the cave with Adela but we arent sure of what he did. EXTRAS Islam Hinduism In Islam, belief in one God is the most important belief.Their God is called ALLAH, the Almighty, Creator and Sustainer of the universe, who is similar to nothing and nothing is comparable to Him Hinduism is commonly percived as a politheistic religion. Indeed, most Hindus would take the stand to this, by proffessing belif in multiple Gods. Islam exhorts man to consider himself and his surroundings as examples of Divine Creation. The trees belongs to God, The sun belongs to God The mayor differences between the Hindu and the Muslim perception of God is the common Hindus belif in the philosofy of Pantheism. The common Hindu considers everything as God.The major difference between the Hindu and Muslim belifs is the difference of the apostrophe s Hinduism has a circle system, with four major castes. Members of each are necessary by strict religious laws to follow hereditary occupations and to refrain from inmarriage or eating with members of another castes. The highest or priestly and intellectual caste is that of Brahmans,. The r emain three are Kshatriya (warrior caste), Vaisya (agricultural caste) and Sudras ( the low caste) In Islam, all gentleman are created equal, infact Islam rejects characterizing God as favoring certain individuals or nations.Everyone may distinguish himself and get His favour through virtue and piety. Cow is a consecrate animal. Cows cant be killed or eaten Muslims belive that each person has a body and a soul. Your faith and actions in this life will determine your fate in the life after Death. Hiduists believe in body and soul. Your soul returns to your body after death. Your status of caste in next life depends on your deeds in the previous life.