Scandals :: essays research papers

Contemporary society is always portrayed as a civilized society, in which the sense of democracy has watch to woven throughout the fabric of our lives. Thanks to the mass media, the public has become more informed about what is happening in the world, from the political field such(prenominal) as the state and national government to the business area such as the international stock market. At the same time, people are give more attention to the attractors. Some insist that since the major mission of the leaders is to lead the whole group to succeed in the intense competition, a leader should try every means to achieve his goal rather than care much about the ethic and worship. Those from the other camp hold a severe belief that to be an effective leader, a public positive must maintain the highest ethical and incorrupt standards. As far as I am concerned, I prefer the latter point of view. In the following discussion, I would like to present several evidences to support my sta ndpoint.First and foremost, a public official with high ethical and moral standards will set a good example for the society as a whole which does good to the improvement of the morality of the public. From ancient times to the present world, the public leaders always serve as a focus of the ordinary that treat the words and actions of the leaders as a sign of right. So what and how the leaders say and do would produce a far-reaching effect on the public. A case in point is Gandhi, the greatest leader in Indian history. He led a simple and hard way of living all his life and never wasted blush one coin, , and this encouraged all citizens of India to spare no effort to work hard for a better further of their country and no one act a luxury material life. This illustrates that a leader with high ethical and moral standards promote a good ethos in the society.Meanwhile, high ethical and moral standards embodied in the words and actions of a public official would help him or her to gai n the trust and support of the public especially of his or her subordinates which call for his or her policy to be implemented more effectively and efficiently. Take Mao Zedong, the founder of our new China for example in the period of hardship, he advocated that all Chinese should tie up their belts and try every effort to go through this difficult time.

Computers :: essays research papers

When you mention the word "technology," most people think about computing devices. just about every facet of our lives has some computerized component. The appliances in our homes have microprocessors strengthened into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have a computer. But the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or PC.A PC is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of different parts -- memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. -- that work together. "General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to lawsuit documents, send e-mail, browse the Web and play games.In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. You will learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session. Youll also find out what the future whitethorn hold for these machines.Lets take a look at th e main components of a typical desktop computer.* Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the computer arranging is called the central processing unit. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU.* Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor. there are several specific types of memory in a computero Random-access memory (RAM) - Used to temporarily store information that the computer is currently working witho Read-only memory (ROM) - A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that does not metamorphoseo Basic input/output system (BIOS) - A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first turned ono Caching - The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPUo practical(prenominal) memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store d ata and swap it in and out of RAM as needed otherboard - This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components connect to. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.

Grace and The Death Essay -- Literature, James Joyce

The characters of James Joyces Dubliners live in a world where they are psychologically stagnant despite the impact of social experiences in their lives. for each one characters development depends on their interactions with others as well as their individual decisions. From childhood to adulthood, the protagonists have encounters with family, friends, or colleagues that result in either disallow or positive effects on their growth and awareness of their current state of unhappiness. The addition of relationships, or camaraderie, does not come into full effect until the last mentioned half of the book, where the themes are expressed in darker tones and the writing style become more ambiguous. Joyce lightens the mood of the Dubliners with the portrayal of camaraderie in his final two stories, dress and The Dead which give a realness and complexity to the problems of Dublin life. In most cases, camaraderie does not adhere well with the characters of the Dubliners because of their innate sense of freedom or their distrust of the community. But by distancing themselves from family and friends, they are allowing themselves to suffer alone. Their inability to commit to relationships and to feel genuine compassion for others prevents them from experiencing the full benefit of camaraderie. The contribution of the masculine and family camaraderie renders an ironic, whimsical effect in Grace whereas The Dead ends with a bittersweet consequence for its protagonist. Joyce introduces the motif of the alcoholism throughout the Dubliners, not only as an emphasis on an Irish stereotype but to contribute a cause for an adult Dubliners corruption. He satirizes the Irish pub as a sort of assembly hall for this masculine camaraderie, though it ... ...s that Joyce refers to. The endings of Grace and The Dead resonate intensely with the feelings of the soul by looking past the egotism and prejudice. The coy conclusion allows readers to focus on the capability of the protago nist to bring to completion his reformation.BibliographyBook SourcesJoyce, James, Edna OBrien, and Malachy McCourt. Dubliners. New York Signet Classics, 2007.Internet SourcesAmes, William. Interpretation of Grace from Dubliners, by James Joyce. On Grace. The Poets Forum. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .Penguin.com (usa). Dubliners. Penguin Group USA. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .Williams, Bob. Dubliners. - by James Joyce. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

cells Essay -- essays research papers

The life Process of a cellular telephone In my composing you will learn slightly the life process of a cell based on the two main functions, metabolism and mitosis. You will learn about the four stages of metabolism ingestion, centralizeion, respiration, and excretion, and how the cell completes them. You also will acquire information about the four stages of mitosis prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase, and how the cell completes them. Mitosis is the process in which cells reproduce. These two processes are mutually beneficial on each other. The feelings of metabolism are the same for any species. First the cell must ingest glucose through active transport. The glucose is ingested through the cell membrane. There are only 2 ATPs yielded in each glucose. An ATP is an energy enriched molecule. That is not enough energy to completely digest it. It is just enough energy to get it to the mitochondria. The enzymes in the mitochondria respire. Also now it has 34 ATPs. Then t he lysosomes fully digest it. Then the all the devastate is excreted by the golgi bodies and vacuoles. The cell has fully metabolized. Now the process starts over. Mitosis is the process in which a cell divides into two new cells. The four steps of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase. The step where the cell prepares for mitosis is called interphase. During interphase all of the chromosomes duplicate, and then are joined at the centrimere. Now mitosis begins, first in prophase all of the chromosomes then g...

Pet Shop :: essays research papers

I?ve been in lots of pet shop, and they?fve alwaays seemed to be cute, happy, friendly, clean places. That?fs why, on a fresh Sunday afternoon, I stopped in a pet shop for to see pets. I?fd been visiting my friends, whom I talked about cute pets, and saw that we were favorite(a) pets. A pets shop, however, was not the place I had impression-it was different.Even the outside of the pet shop was dirty. These were much kind of birds in cage they showed in front of the shop, which looked standardised a zoo. A pet shop leaved bird?fs dropping and fell down theirs feather all over. They were screamed and made noise when the customer entered in shop. We felt small and surprised when we listened them.The pet shop was noisy when I entered. Same things the entrances, inside noises were injured our feel. Almost dogs and cats in cage, they were gathered stress because they couldn?ft walk and run about in free. Therefore they barked when they saw the customer. Some dogs and cats were discipli ned not to bark, but I felt that they wanted to free and to go out of theirs cage.The pet shop rules have a cruel for unsold pets. They had to sold before they were reached full growth because pet?fs nurture easily when they were chela therefore almost the customers wanted to buy puppy and almost people liked puppy than grew up pets.The pet shop?fs owner reduced the toll by 50 percent nevertheless, if they couldn?ft sell they were killed. When I went to the pet shop. I saw a dog. He was good dog and popular geek of dogs and he was so smart. In addition to he had pedigree but he was grown up already. I was taken the dog but I couldn?ft buy to him because I had not enough to money for buying him and I couldn?ft have a dog as a pet.

Importance of Slavery to the Caribbean Essay -- History Slave Slavery

Importance of Slavery to the CaribbeanThe significance of the role played by slaves in the history of the Caribbean cannot be overemphasized. Nearly everything that defines the Caribbean today can be traced back to the advent of Africans to the sugar plantations several centuries ago. For this reason it is impossible to ignore the issue of slavery when studying the history of the Caribbean, as we are doing in this class. Through our numerous readings on the status of slaves and their treatment by the societies in which they lived, we have learned frequently about the sufferings and ordeals of these people. The following is an attempt to organize my own particular feelings and reactions, which I have previously posted on-line throughout the course of the semester, to the readings on this arena and to the reactions of other students as well.Imperialism, Plantation Slavery and the Slave Trade 16th-18th CenturiesIt is interesting to note the ever-increasing reliance on slaves as the t ransition to sugar plantations not altogether occurred but also proceeded to become the main form of economic activity in the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. When the main crop out of the Caribbean was baccy products in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the slave trade was non-existent. But when this crop failed, in addition to ginger, coffee and others, the inhabitants began to try sugar. This, of course, took off immediately, and the need for slaves became imperative. thus began the true slave trade from Africa, which would forever alter the demography of the Americas.Also interesting to see are the two forms of non-exploitation society that thrived (contrary to European desire) in the Caribbean the Maroons ... ...e, no present-day obstacle could stand in their way. The religion, skin color, music and culture of the Caribbean are all based on the difficult past of its people. Despite the uncontrolled poverty that still plagues the region to day, many of the people seem strangely content and remain optimistic. This alone speaks volumes about the strength of character these people project. It is a lesson for the rest of the world to learn from. Happiness is far more important than any material goods or trivial pursuits that we will ever pursue. It is certainly something that I will take away from this class, and I hope others do as well.SourcesBeckles, Hilary and Shepherd, Verene. Caribbean Slave Society and Economy The New Press (New York, 1991).Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean The Genesis of a fragmented Nationalism (2nd ed.) Oxford University Press (New York, 1990).

Importance of Slavery to the Caribbean Essay -- History Slave Slavery

Importance of Slavery to the CaribbeanThe significance of the role played by buckle downs in the biography of the Caribbean cannot be overemphasized. Nearly everything that defines the Caribbean today can be traced back to the advent of Africans to the sugar plantations several centuries ago. For this reason it is impossible to ignore the issue of slavery when studying the history of the Caribbean, as we are doing in this class. Through our numerous readings on the status of slaves and their treatment by the societies in which they lived, we have learned much about the sufferings and ordeals of these people. The interest is an attempt to organize my own particular feelings and reactions, which I have previously posted on-line throughout the course of the semester, to the readings on this subject and to the reactions of other students as well.Imperialism, Plantation Slavery and the Slave Trade 16th-18th CenturiesIt is interesting to note the ever-increasing reliance on slaves as th e transition to sugar plantations not only occurred but withal proceeded to become the main form of economic activity in the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. When the main crop out of the Caribbean was tobacco products in the 16th and early seventeenth centuries, the slave trade was non-existent. But when this crop failed, in addition to ginger, coffee and others, the inhabitants began to try sugar. This, of course, took off immediately, and the need for slaves became imperative. Thus began the true slave trade from Africa, which would forever alter the demography of the Americas.Also interesting to see are the two forms of non-exploitation society that thrived (contrary to European desire) in the Caribbean the Maroons ... ...e, no present-day obstructer could stand in their way. The religion, skin color, music and culture of the Caribbean are all based on the difficult past of its people. Despite the rampant poverty that bland plagues the region today, man y of the people seem strangely content and remain optimistic. This alone speaks volumes about the strength of character these people project. It is a lesson for the rest of the land to learn from. Happiness is far more important than any material goods or trivial pursuits that we will ever pursue. It is certainly something that I will come away from this class, and I hope others do as well.SourcesBeckles, Hilary and Shepherd, Verene. Caribbean Slave Society and Economy The New oppose (New York, 1991).Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism (2nd ed.) Oxford University Press (New York, 1990).

Introduction to International Relations

In the context of the idea of Nationalism, what atomic number 18 the differences between the Scots National Party and the British National Party? BODY OF WORK Being today a central unwrap of the novel world, Nationalism, a term from nasci which means to be born(p), has most of the time been considered as a 19th century pheno custodyon, connected to the development and creation of nation-states .While seen by a large number of critics as noncurrent in other word old, non just because it is inherently expansionist but also destructive, others in meantime see it as a might to re-enforce order and solve conflict. Thus, the issue of patriotism bequeath in that locationfore depend on a system every country adopts. If we take the United Kingdom(UK),a total monarchy and unitary states which is composed of four(4) countries England(London),Northern Ireland(Belfast),Wales(Cardiff) and Scotland(Edinburgh) has been governed by a Parliamentary system.However,it is argued that nationa lism within the UK is both reactionary and progressive . The simply reason of this statement is that in varied parts of UK,the notion of nationalism has components of both looking towards the future inclusively and progressively but ,also looking to their past regressively thus hoping to bring back their historical period.Britain and Scotland, existence among these parts of UK, suck up for a centuries had political parties sometimes based on similar ideas but most of the time different from each others. The British nationalism referring to the nationalist ideas and policies application to the United Kingdom tends to promote the UK as a goal for national identity, social movements, comprises political and sentiment inspired by the spang of British language, culture , history and ot forgotten the pride of be British. Supported ,politically from the Euro scepticism of the conservative United Kingdom Independence Party and far-right British national political troupe to the centre -right conservative Party and the left-centrist Liberal Democrats, British nationalism has had a progressive cause characterised by a powerful but unsure force in British politics.From this British nationalism, a caller called the British national party will be one of our aim studies in this topic. As for Scotland, Nationalism being a political ideology and created in 1921 as primarily body based in London and largely influenced by Sinn Fein ,has most of the time supported greater self-reliance for Scotland as part of the United Kingdom, but also the creation of a sovereign state.In which case sparing nationalism can be referred to three (3) main elements -The Scottish Independence with the advocacy of Scotland becoming a sovereign state -The Scottish national party with the main political party that support Scottish Independence. -The Scottish home rule, an organisation knew before the Devolved Scottish Parliament was created in 1999 that had for purpose to give Scotland the au tonomy within the British Empire. From this nationalism , derived a national party called the Scottish national party.It is therefore in the process Nationalism that, our aim target will be to identify the differences between the two major national parties in the United Kingdom known as the British National Party (BNP) and the Scottish National To begin with, we should start by saying that the Scottish National Party (SNP), a civic party with strong democratic leanings and non-nationalist was first created in (1934) having as aim to promote justice, caring and enterprising community by making Scottish potential as an independent nation in the mainstream of modern Europe.Wishing to be completely independent from Britain, the Scottish national party has always wanted to be a separate state making its own decisions not just in Europe but throughout the world, this is why Scottish political parties such as, the SNP encourage progressive attitudes that are principally based on two main(2 ) thingsthe long term desire to become but also the ambition to be entirely inclusive with global organisation such as Europe . While the British National Party, reated in (1982) by a group of the National Front with John Tyndall, is a far-right, fascist political party combined with a white supremacy organisation that stands for anti-non british,because it believes that there are significant differences between races, one of the partys main objectives is to restore by legal methods white ethnicity, which existed prior to 1948 in a way that anything that does not fit their narrow stereotype is meant to be kept away from the party.Adding to this, it has to be give tongue to that the British national party adoring men like Adolf Hitler of German Nazi is almost claimed to be a Nazi political party as well. Another reason that makes the difference between the two parties is that, the Scottish national party has always wanted an open door to all races and nationalities in the genius th at even non-Scottish commonwealth have been accepted to be members of the party without forgetting the fact that this was the first party to have a Muslim MSP as member.After independence, anyone living in Scotland could claim a Scottish citizenship under the SNP constitution with an open door policy on immigration compared to Britain ,where immigration serene a dominant issue thus blaming immigrants for any possible problem . It is even believed that the British national party has for wish to put the white British- born before immigrants and non- british,stopping immigration and deport people of different races, presently living in the UK to the respective countries .In a speech given by Nick Griffin ,the actual leader of the British national party(BNP),he declared that it is probably now too late to anticipate a return to the status quo ante 1948 therefore suggested a new pattern of milti-culturalism. This model was meant to lead by a policy of cultural and biological separat ion ,not by principles of integration, this could allow people to enjoy each others culture and tradition but each staying on their own in order to avoid diversity which could be but a short lived stepping stone pit to nothingness.An expected outcome of the method as Tyndall said, was going to be in the image of a south-African apartheid-style system with like he said separate communities of people Indian ,Pakistani, Bangladeshi(Hindu and Muslim),African and Afro-Caribbean and heaven knows what else-living side by side in Britain in separate enclaves. This is to show that although immigrations issues were trying to be solved there were nevertheless still based on strict principles that had to be followed. Principles that were completely different from the one the Scottish national party made.These days, the Scottish national party does not have a lot to deal with national parties in eastern and central Europe particularly because most of them are rather right wing ,among them men l ike, Michal Kaminski of the polish law and justice party. Also, in the European parliament for Freedom and fatherland party, it will be noticed that men like David Cameron will by all odds be comfortable to sit with Latvia whereas it would be hard if not never for the Scottish party to Roberts Zile from the FFF to the next Bannockburn shindig.This is to prove that racism is not a vauntingly concern in Scottish nationalism because there is no race problem in Scotland. Moreover, there are also differences regarding the concern of the British and Scottish public as a whole. While Scotland is much more than concerned about the unemployment as a big problem to face, Britain on its side is more worried about the economic field which is very frequent nowadays.In the other hand, crime, law and order are very serious matters in Britain than in Scotland where it is more likely to be concerned about the education. Furthermore ,another difference between the British national party and the S cottish one is that, the Scottish national party, being left wing is very focused on what people living in Scotland will be in the future regardless what the religion or skin colour are, while the British national, being right wing wants to go back to their old values.In terms of Military issue, providing that it is the government in Westminster that is in charge to send soldiers at war, Scotland plays a very small part in sending soldiers for defence ,war and terrorism compared to Britain that is more concerned about this issue. To terminate with this topic, it shall be said that although, these two are different parties in different countries, the differences between them is all about Racism, Immigrations and Political issues.In terms of racism, the British national party states that their constitution has for purpose, the preservation of the ethnic and national typical character of the British people themselves . David Blackburn writes for the spectator coffee house that the BNP is no longer a racist party, but a party of racists in respond to the news that the British national party membership look to vote in favour of allowing the non-whites and non-British to cave in the party while the Scottish national party has always wanted an open door to all races and nationalities no matter colour, gender and creed there are.In terms of political issues, Scotland is a minority within the UK (United Kingdom) which means the decision-making process stays in the goal of the majority included Britain . Therefore policies that suit Scotland are often not taken into consideration. In terms of immigrations issues, differences have also been seen above with the British national party wanting to repatriate all immigrants or sometimes create strict principles that have to be followed by all immigrants. Whereas, the Scottish national party has and still fighting against immigration, thus giving citizenship to those claiming for it.So basically, these are some of the diffe rences in brief between the British national party and the Scottish national party, although there could others points according to different points of viReferences and Bibliography David B. , Nick G. ,Changing operate or changing Clothes? Reflection on the ideological evolution of the British national party 1999-2006 , pp81 Iain M. , gardian. co. uk, Monday 8 June 2009 14. 00 BST IN Last night was the SNPs night Arthur A. ,Nationalism, Devolution and the Challenge to the United Kingdom

Business Analysis Kelloggs Company

Kellogg follow Environment Denjah Harte MGT/521 September 10, 2012 Dr. John Grabarczyk Kellogg Company Environment Analyzing a alliance is one function a mutual fund manager performs when deciding to invest. The geological formation should conform to a strategic goal, evaluate new output developments, and have an increased market potential. Kellogg Company is a multinational, diversified, food manufacturing company producing textures, snacks, and other foods. A mutual fund manager would recommend investing in the Kellogg Company based on long-term profitability and financial stability.Originally advertd The engagement Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company in 1906, in 1922 W. K. Kellogg renamed it Kellogg Company. According toKellogg Company (2012),Kellogg Company is the worlds leading producer of cereal, assist largest producer of cookies and crackers and through the May 2012 acquisition of the iconic Pringles business the worlds second largest savory snacks company. In additi on, Kellogg is a leading producer of frozen foods (para. 1). An analysis of Kellogg Company reveals strengths, weakness, opportunities, and terrors that single out some key issues within the company.As a company, Kellogg has several strengths it is a widely known brand name, the advertisement campaign slogans be famous, and the company holds the largest global market sh be for pre-sweetened cereal. Every company has weaknesses as well Kellogg has not developed many new cereal lines, their market share in the United States is declining, and the pricing approach is out-of-date. Kellogg Company has grown in the international market, making strides by acquiring the Pringles Brand in May 2012 (Kellogg Company overbolds Room In the News,2012).Kellogg Company exaggerateed to Europe, South America, and Asia Pacific, observing a slow growth to keep expenses from exceeding profits. Kellogg Company must lower prices to stay competitive and cost-effective in the core areas, and reduce cos ts to keep a large share of the market. One threat Post, Quaker Oats, and General Mills uses against Kellogg Company is opposition pricing and other discount cereals imitate brand name cereals to try to chip away at Kellogg Companys market share. Kellogg Company must combat these threats to stay invulnerable.The key to investing in Kellogg Company stems from the profitability in the long term. Diversifying product lines and moving focus away from cereal is rational and sound thinking. Increased economic instability and agricultural issues will cause upheaval but if judiciously anticipated, Kellogg Company will add to their market share. The addition of the Pringles Brand in early 2012 declined the profitability of Kellogg Company in the first half of the year because of bullion outlay however, the second half of the year projects larger profits as the product line aligns with the rest of the company.Kellogg Company has shown excellent leadership foresight to expand into new territo ry globally, develop better products to suit the demand in those areas, and potentially increase profits for stakeholders. The internal and external stakeholders for Kelloggs Company play a crucial role in the organization, especially in how they perceive the performance of the organization (Yukl, 2010, pp. 377). Executives, managers, and employees represent internal stakeholders while investors, suppliers, the community, and consumers represent external stakeholders in Kellogg Company.The postulate and requirements of the stakeholders differ, depending on the stakeholder relation to the company. Executives strike to expand the company while keeping the company profitable and expenses to a minimum. Managers and employees need employment, want the potential to advance, and to earn full salaries. Investors need to regulate a profit, or a plan to increase profits, before they will want to invest more in a company. Suppliers need a demand for their own product and want the demand to continue.The community needs greener ways of producing products, using resources in a sustainable manner, and producing less waste. Consumers are complex in many aspects. Consumers are the end user of the product, the focal point of the strategic planning, and whose views influence the direction the organization takes in the global and local community. Consumer wants are many a cheap cost, a nutritious product, an available supply, long storage life, and easy accessibility to a large variety.The consumer needs are simpler to define they need food, shelter, and clothing. Kellogg Company fulfills the needs of the stakeholders in various ways. Kellogg expanded from its headquarters in Battle Creek, Michigan, across the United States, Canada, and into Mexico. The company extended globally to Europe, South America, and Asia Pacific, opening the door to new opportunities, careers, and partnerships for stakeholders. Kellogg Company encourages a value system for employees at every level i n the organization.Integrity, respect, accountability, passion, simplicity, success, humility, and hunger on with a Global Code of Ethics guide the business practices of employees of Kellogg Company worldwide. Kellogg Company calls these the K Values. Suppliers, like wheat, corn, and rice farmers, grow the grains for Kellogg Company. According to Kelloggs Corporate tariff Responsible Sourcing (2012), Kellogg Company requires supplier companies to comply with fair labor practices and ethical business standards, along with pertinent standards around environmental, health and safety issues (para. ). Kellogg Company upholds suppliers to this broad(prenominal) code of conduct. Community needs are a concern for Kellogg Company. The environmental impact of a growing world population is significant and Kellogg Company whole shebang to produce more with less energy, fewer greenhouse gas emissions, less water, and less waste (Kelloggs Corporate Responsibility Environment Outlook, 2012). W ater reclamation, wastewater discharge, wellhead protection, and soil conservation are a few global environmental community projects currently performed by Kellogg Company.Kellogg Company considers consumer needs as well. From sustainable packaging made from recycled materials, to communicating the product and the nutritional information, Kellogg Company gives consumers a familiar product on the shelf, recognized from the advertising slogan, and it is nutritious. Consumers see the brand name and may not realize the sustainable grains, recycled material packaging, or the reduced carbon footprint of the transportation in getting the product to the shelf they see food. Kellogg Company does not fulfill every stakeholder need.Investors saw stock prices drop because of economic depression worldwide, the steady decline of the demand for breakfast products, and the market trends turn tail toward more nutritious snack foods. Kellogg Company acknowledged the change in vision and scope, adj usting to adapt to new ideas and performing a gap analysis at the end of 2011. Kellogg Company diversified their portfolio of products, acquiring Pringles Brand snacks, and presented the second quarter financial results report to investors with solid, forward-looking statements and projections or the remaining fiscal year along with a projection for the years to come. Kellogg Company is a solid investment. Mutual fund managers considering Kellogg Company inclusion to a portfolio will benefit the client with an organization that truly has earned accolades and achievements for diversity and expansion goals as well as awards for civic, global, and environmental awareness. Representing the Olympics in 2012 is another achievement and excellent approach to sponsor comfortably health and habits on a global scale. References Kellogg Company. (2012).Kellogg Company Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http//newsroom. kelloggcompany. com Kellogg Company. (2012). Kelloggs Corporate Responsibility. Retr ieved from http//kelloggcorporateresponsibility. com/ Kellogg Company. (2012). The Official Corporate Home Page of Kelloggs. Retrieved from http//www. kelloggcompany. com Nickels, W. G. , McHugh, J. M. , & McHugh, S. (2010). Understanding Business (9th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Yukl, G. A. (2010). Leadership In Organizations (7th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.

Compensation Package Proposal

salary is a very measurable aspect of the employee of a gild it seems important a well-defined earnings package is in place. Compensation involves direct cash payments, indirect payments in the form of employee benefits, and incentives to motivate employees to strive for higher(prenominal) trains of productivity. (Cascio, 2010, p. 413) It seems a compensation package pull up stakes be different for each different c areer type but must always meet the needs of the employees and the organization. A proposal for a total compensation package for the information engine room employees of Wal-Mart needs to be written.This proposal will include a description of the transmission line group, a compensation table for specific positions, a placement policy, benefits packages, and the way the plan is implemented by the organization. Job Group Information applied science Employees Information technology seems to be a field with rapid growth according to Taylor (2010), careers in the I T world expects to grow 32% by 2018. It appears every political party has some kind of information processing system related cream involved to help the company succeed. A strong background in the technical fundamentals of computer science and programming languages like Java, Microsoft.NET, and C++ are obviously important for success in the field. But a creative brain and an ambition to watch updated on the newest advances in the field whether through books or training are also key (Taylor, 2010, para. 4). Information applied science also involves strong communication with others, creativity, the capacity to work in a team, and a strong undergraduate background. Although much knowledge is need to succeed in IT, it appears the pay scale and advancement opportunities will pay off.Positions within this area of work include cyber-security, graphic design, technology architects, web page developers, and software engineers. Wal-Mart seems to be in search for technology employees. T echnology is use in Wal-Mart to run the global market. Wal-Mart (2012) states that The company is focused on developing new technologies to transform the way customers shopwere helping to improve operations, back-room systems and Wal-Marts world-class logistics network, speeding products to customers across the globe (para. 1).Wal-Marts technology department makes up of 3,500 employees in the United States and 2,000 globally (Wal-Mart, 2012). Wal-Mart (2012) states that a career in the technology department of the company will offer an employee exciting projects, investments in new technology, training, development, and exposure. Wal-Mart seems to offer careers such as software program Quality Engineers, Sr. System Engineers, Software Developers, and Project Managers. Salary Table This salary table is created for the job group and specific positions offered by Wal- Mart.To determine where an employee would fall within the salary category, the guidelines are disceptation below Mini mum- This is the entry level, this means the person fulfills the minimum job requirements. Level A- The employee has the experience and knowledge to master most of the duties in an independent manner. Usually, employees who fall in the Minimum and Level A stage are in their developmental phase because they are still learning. Level B- This employee is highly experience and his or her level of productivity exceeds the job requirements.Employees whose salary fall in an Level A and B are in the maturity phase because they learn mastered the skills. Maximum- The employee is nonstop producing results that are above the requirements. Employees in the level B and Maximum are in the leadership phase. They have demonstrated superior leadership skills and strong consignment to the organization. ProfileSoftware Quality EngineerMinimumLevel ALevel BMaximum Entry- Level $44,497$49,036$54,023$58,869 Mid- Level$54,498$60,978$68,095$76,144 Senior- Level$70,429$78,825$88,047$96,980ProfileSystems EngineerMinimumLevel ALevel BMaximum Entry- Level$46, 419$50, 843$55,702$62,267 Mid- Level$56,277$62,815$69,996$77,381 Senior -Level$69,723$77,109$85,221$94,213 ProfileSoftware DevelopersMinimumLevel ALevel BMaximum Entry- Level$41,844$47,393$53,488$59,942 Mid- Level$54,916$62,019$69,821$78,016 Senior- Level$71,549$79,009$87,202$95,965 ProfileProject ManagerMinimumLevel ALevel BMaximum Entry- Level $42,248$50,143$58,815$68,409 Mid- Level$57,560$66,878$77,113$88,150 Senior -Level$70,110$79,759$90,356$102,019 Placement PackagesProper compensation is essential for members, staff, and organization so that it is a field of education and professional title of Employment Placement Specialist. Often times there can be an imbalance of effort in the workplace measure up candidates need to be met with sufficient recompense. Pay structures can vary by hourly wage, tier, grade, salary or levels. Wal-marts employee compensation will be set at hourly rates depending on beginning and intermediate experience level and transition to salary for at the junior and sr. levels.The range of experience with respect to compensation is as follows Beginner Zero-Two Years of incur High School Diploma or GED IntermediateTwo-Five Years of begin High School Diploma or GED previous work experience on the job experience Junior Five-Ten Years of Experience High School Diploma or GED College Degree previous work experience on the job experience Senior 10+ Years of Experience High School Diploma or GED College Degree Masters level previous work experience on the job experience Compensation ranges will be discussed during interview process.Once a candidate is select, a definite wage will be set for beginning and intermediate positions. For junior and senior level a series of predetermined work related questions, including levels of education, work experiences, and qualifications will determine the salary offered. Employees will receive medical benefits and bonus or merit packages. Compensation levels and packages will be present to executive staff managers for approval or change, and incorporate necessary changes. In addition communication with HR is necessary for successful implementation and effective monitoring of process along with proper literature.Benefits Package As with any organization, Wal-Mart provides their employees with benefits packages that suit the needs of those who are involve. nearly of the most popular benefits are those indirect and not of monetary value the way a salary or hourly pay is. Some of the more popular benefits are insurance, overtime, leave, flexible timing, and retirement. These options are more widely offered because of the long- term benefits of job stability and employee retention. When an employee offers a benefit that they may use in the future day or take advantage of more often he or she may be more likely to appreciate his or her position.Perhaps the most important indirect benefit that galore(postnominal) people take advant age of is insurance. By having coverage through their employer an individual would not have to worry about purpose a third party and paying more for health care costs. Insurance coverage, for instance, is often terribly expensive, so the company that offers medical and/or liveness insurance to employees as part of its benefits package is bestowing significant savings on those employees and their families (Reference for Business, n. d).If Wal-Mart were to offer their full- time employees coverage that was affordable and widely accepted it is believe that many of their employees would have a better experience with their jobs. Although benefit packages, direct or indirect, are offers to employees as a positive incentive they can create obstacles when accepted. For instance, if an employee considers salary, exempt, they are not required to be paid overtime even if he or she has worked the hours. This might cause a problem between the employee and management because he or she are being overwork for no pay.Being paid overtime considers an indirect benefit because many employees, as with Wal-Mart, are not expected to work more than 40 hours a week. This same kind of issue may arise with an employee choosing to use the company insurance, which is a benefit for him or her. They may have needs, not covered in the policy that provides, and still have to pay more out-of- pocket than expected. The best way to avoid issues with indirect compensation is to be sure everything is explain, in writing, to the employee so that the employer is not at risk in the future of acquiring a fair labor law suit brought upon him or her.Wal-Mart should create a detailed benefits package for their employees to read and sign in acknowledgement. This will ensure that everything is understood and that all questions regarding the indirect compensation are asked and turn to appropriately. Conclusion Compensation was once the foremost attraction to a workplace. People traveled the traditional r oadways of education with the ultimate destination of a first-rate job in their field with best reward.Today with elevated unemployment rates, a world crammed with terrorist, cancer, and other illness invasions, natural disasters, and plain old trigger happy citizens qualified, unqualified, and over qualified candidates alike are seeking two for the price of one. A job to make ends meet while enjoying life and all its positive proffers. Whatever the discernment is necessary that organizations meet the needs of its qualified candidates with fair and appropriate compensation be hourly wage, tier, grade, salary or level. Employees which are fairly compensate behave better in the workplace and in their personal lives. Work is not mans punishment. It is his reward and his strength and his pleasure. George Sand ? References Cascio, W. (2010). Managing human resources (8th ed. ). New York , NY McGraw-Hill. Taylor, M. (2010). The wall street journal. Retrieved from http//online. wsj. com / phrase/SB10001 424052748704358904575478133397664058. html Reference for Business (n. d). Employee benefits. Retrieved from http//www. referenceforbusiness. com/small/Di-Eq/Employee-Benefits. html Wal-Mart (2012). Retrieved from http//careers. walmart. com/careers-in-technology/ http//humanresources. about. com

Impact of Hrm Practices

ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN chore VOL 4, NO 1 Impact of HR Practices on Employee problem Satisfaction in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan Muhammad Javed Faculty of Administrative Sciences Air University Islamabad, Pakistan Muhammad Rafiq (Corresponding Author) Faculty of Administrative Sciences Air University Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, 44000, Federal, Pakistan.Maqsood Ahmed Faculty of Administrative Sciences Air University Islamabad, Pakistan Mustajab Khan MS Scholar Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract A lot of interrogation has been done on the relationship of HR Practices and employee muse satisfaction alone the main focus and piece of music behind those research studies has been the developed countries. The purpose of this mull over is to observe the relationship between three HR Practices i. e. ( instruct and Development, Rewards, erudition) and the employee job satisfaction in the publ ic bea schemes of a underdeveloped state of matter, Pakistan.Data has been collected from the employees of various public sector organizations and then regression and correlation have been applied to check the relationship between the mutualist and independent variables. Recognition and schooling and victimisation be a expose source of employee job satisfaction in Public sector organizations of Pakistan only if rewards do not have any significant impact upon employee job satisfaction. Key Words Training and development Rewards Recognition Job satisfaction Pakistan Introduction A lot of researchers have found that HR Practices are positively linked with employee job satisfaction (Wright et al. 2003 Spector, 1997 Huselid 1995) Petrescu & Simmons, 2008). The aim and main focus of these studies have been developed countries. The look did not double reform 2012 nominate of interdisciplinary argumentation seek 348 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CO NTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN handicraft VOL 4, NO 1 turn towards developing countries like Pakistan in a great deal. (Aycan et al. 2000) found that so far precise little research has been conducted in the region of HR Practices i. e. Training and development, Rewards and Recognition in Pakistan which shows that this particular field still has a lot of space for further research.The main theme of this particular research is to observe the relationship between HR Practices (Training and development, Rewards, Recognition) and Employee Job Satisfaction in public sector organizations of Pakistan. These HR Practices are also known as key drivers of employee performance. Training and development is one of the key elements of employee job satisfaction because it reduces the discrepancies in job tasks and enhances the job skills which in result motivates the employees and go bad towards job satisfaction.Employees get passing motivated by dint of rewards and credit rating and these two facto rs lead towards employee motivation and research shows that highly motivated employees are the most slaked employees and also the high performers. This check is extremely significant as it is a big insight for the public sector organizations of Pakistan. Normally managers dont focus upon the relationship of rewards and job satisfaction, cite and job satisfaction or training and development and job satisfaction.So this deal will enable them to make a better strategy in toll of employee job satisfaction and to focus upon those HR practices which actually are the source of job satisfaction for employees. Every individual employee wants satisfaction at job exclusively organization is wasting its resources by foc utilise on wrong HR practices for employee job satisfaction. This study could be an eye opener for many organizations and may easy prove to be a very productive one. Pakistan is one of those countries whither people working in the public sector organizations are often not certain(a) about(predicate) the job satisfaction level.The un at rest employees of public sector organizations, when switch to private sector i. e. MNEs, they have been observed to be ofttimes reduplicate correct 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business seek 349 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 more fit, thus it is very important for the managers to know which HR Practices keep them satisfied and how much important role rewards, course credit and training and development have regarding employee job satisfaction.This study can be very dark-fruited for HR Managers of Public sector organizations in Pakistan as they would get a very clear idea about the relationship of three important HR Practices and employee job satisfaction and as a result can have much more productive employees and a decreased turn over rate in their organizations. Literature Review HR Practices HR Practices are linked with the care of human resources, activities necessary for staffing the organization and sustaining high employee performance (Mahmood, 2004).The most common HR Practices are recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation, rewards and designation (Yeganeh & Su, 2008). Six HR practices selective hiring, compensation policy, rewards, recognition, training and development and study sharing have been studied with relation to employee job satisfaction (Dessler, 2007). The present study examines the relationship between three HR Practices i. e training and development, rewards, recognition and employee job satisfaction. Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction means what are the feelings of contrasting employees about the different dimensions of their jobs (Robbins, 2003).The level of satisfaction and dissatisfaction is an early(a) aspect which is cerebrate to employee job satisfaction (Spector, 1997). Job satisfaction may be the general behavior emerged due to different happenings at the work place it may be supervisors behavior, relationship with peers or the work environment (Janet, 1987) . Various factors such as an employee neexplosive detection system and banks, social relationships, job design, compensation, developmental opportunities and aspects of work-life balance are 350 replicate RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business enquiry ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 considered to be some of the key factors of job satisfaction (Byars & Rue, 1997 Moorhead & Griffin, 1999). According to (Robbins 1999), a satisfied workforce can increase organizational productivity through less perplexity caused by absenteeism or turnover, few incidences of destructive behavior, and low medical costs. Training and Development Training is focusing on fixing a specific moment (Doyle, 1997). Training often answers the question what happens if Development on the other hand takes a more global approach.Tr aining is link up with current performance and progress of an employee season development is related with the future performance and progress (Miller, 2006). Training is anything offering learning experience (Paul & Anantharaman, 2003) Training helps employees is more specific with their job and organization and as a result increases employee job satisfaction and makes them work better. H1 Training and development is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. Recognition Recognition is appreciation of employees performance in formal or an informal way.Recognition is one of the driving force towards motivating employees, it also highlights how much an employees performance is appreciated in an organization for the amount of work he/she has put in (Miller & Lawson, 1999). Recognition maintains a strong bond between motivation and performance and as a result the level of motivation of employees stays very high almost all the time (Flynn, 1998). Recognition i ncreases level of job satisfaction and satisfied employees are a valuable asset for any organization (Entwistle, 1997). Recognition is often considered to be of two major types, cash and non-cash awards.Different sectors need different shipway of recognition to be applied, some sectors or segments of population may like cash and prizes to be a easy and better way of motivation trance others may like non-cash COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 351 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 awards because they feel that if cash is to be accustomed as recognition than they already have salaries and other bonuses which get consumed very quickly (Holmes, 1994) . H2 Recognition is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction.Rewards Rewards are usually referred to as in existent returns including cash compensation and benefits. Reward system is set of mechanisms for distribut ing both tangible and intangible returns as part of an employment relationship (Rue & Byars, 1992). Rewards are also termed as the need of an employee because when reward will be linked with the employees desire it will motivate him/her to a very high level (Kalleberg, 1977). It certainly shows that what an employee wants after performing a certain task. It has been revealed in the past researches that rewards are very strongly correlated with job satisfaction.Rewards are positively linked to employee job satisfaction (Gerald & Dorothee, 2004). Their research extracted one important element that employees are more satisfied with those rewards that they actually perceive. (Clifford, 1985) argues that employee Job satisfaction may be determined through job rewards. There are a lot of differences between different authors related to the dimensions of rewards and employee job satisfaction but one thing upon which almost all agree upon is the element of rewards that are perceived by empl oyees (Kalleberg, 1997). H3 Rewards are significantly and positively related to employee job satisfaction.COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 352 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS a priori Model of the Study VOL 4, NO 1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDANT VARIABLE Training and Development Recognition Employee Job Satisfaction Rewards Methodology The population for this study was public sector organizations of Pakistan, (ZTBL, NDC, SME Bank ltd). 180 questionnaires were distributed to get response of employees while 140 useful responses were received back (77%). Convenient sampling had been used to cockle data.The scale used for this research is highly reliable as it has been related to scales of many past researches. This questionnaire checks the impact of HR Practices (Training and development, rewards, recognition) on employees job satisfaction. consanguinity of HR Practices and job satisfaction ha s been tested on a 17 items scale. All the items of scale have been taken from renowned past researche studies (Clifford, 1985) job satisfaction, (Rogg, Schmidt, Shull & Schmitt, 2001) training and development (beer, 1987) recognition, (Spector, 1995) rewards. COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 53 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Job satisfaction has been measured through a 3 item scale, training and development has been measured through 6 items scale, and 4 items have measured recognition while another 4 items have measured rewards. Questionnaires were filled under our personal supervision. The statistical tests were applied upon the data through statistical software SPSS. Degree of association was measured by using Pearson coefficient. Causal relationship between HR Practices and job satisfaction was estimated by using Regression analysis.According to the data collected the responden ts average age for 25 or below segment is 31. 4, for 26-35 is 26. 4, for 36-45 is 30. 0 and 46 or preceding(prenominal) segment is 12. 1 55. 7% of the respondents are male while 44. 3% are female. The detail description of demographics is presumptuousness in table 1. Table 1 Demographic profile of respondents Sr No 1 Age Indicators Categories 25 or below 26-35 36-45 46 or to a higher place 2 Gender anthropoid Female 3 Nature of Job Permanent Temporary Contract 4 Income level 25,000 or below 26,000-35,000 36,000-45,000 46,000 or above Frequency 44 61 17 18 78 62 68 63 09 44 37 42 17 Percentage 31. 43. 6 12. 1 12. 9 55. 7 44. 3 48. 6 45. 0 6. 40 31. 4 26. 4 30. 0 12. 1 COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 354 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Data Analysis and Results Reliability Analysis VOL 4, NO 1 Cronbach alpha is the quill used to check the reliability of any scale. According to the statisti cal analysis the value of cronbach alpha oscilloscopes between 0. 698-0. 847. Normally 0. 6 is the minimum acceptable range for cronbach alpha. The overall reliability of scale items is found to be 0. 92. the detailed description of the value of cronbach alpha is given in table 2. Table 2 Cronbach of import of Scale Items Construct/variable Job satisfaction Training and development Recognition Rewards Number of items 3 6 4 4 Cronbach alpha 0. 698 0. 824 0. 760 0. 847 correlation coefficient of correlation analysis has been carried out to check the extent to which two quantitative variables vary together, including the strength and direction of their relationship. The strength of the relationship refers to the extent, to which one variable predicts the other it can be observed in table 3.Table 3 Correlations Satisfaction Job Satisfaction Training & dev Recognition Reward Correlation Correlation Correlation Correlation 1 . 469(**) . 650(**) . 684(**) 1 . 550(**) . 615(**) 1 . 952( **) 1 Training Recognition Reward As shown in the above table, training and development, recognition and rewards all are found to be positively correlated with dependent variable job satisfaction. The value (r= . 469) suggests that training and development is positively correlated with job satisfaction, (r= . 650) COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 355 ijcrb. webs. comMAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 shows that recognition is also positively correlated with job satisfaction and (r= . 684) shows that rewards are also positively correlated with job satisfaction. Correlation analysis showed that there is positive relationship between job satisfaction and independent variables. Table 4 Regression Analyses Model 1 R . 710(a) R Square . 504 Adjusted R Square . 493 Std. Error of the bode . 26238 Table 5 Coefficients (a) Standardized Variables Unstandardized Coefficients B (Constant) Training Recognition Rewa rd . 25 . 266 . 088 . 443 Std. Error . 343 . 085 . 205 . 206 . 243 . 086 . 453 Coefficients Beta 2. 696 3. 145 . 430 2. 147 . 008 . 002 . 668 . 034 t Sig. As shown in the above table of coefficients (a), training and development is positively affecting the dependent variable job satisfaction as the beta value is (. 266). It is shown in the table that recognition also has a positive effect on the job satisfaction, represented by beta value (. 088) and rewards also have positive effect on the job satisfaction, represented by beta value (. 443).Independent variables, training and development and rewards are having a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable but recognition is not having a significant relationship. The value of R square is . 504 which means that 50. 4% variation in dependent variable can be explained by independent variables. On the basis of above analysis, hypotheses 1 and 3 are accepted but hypothesis 2 has been rejected. Previous researches ha d shown the same results. COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 356 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Table 6 Hypotheses Testing Hypotheses H1 Training and development is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. H2 Recognition is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. VOL 4, NO 1 Result Accepted rejected H3 Rewards are significantly and positively related to employee job satisfaction Accepted Conclusion and Future Recommendations The findings of this research can be implemented in different ways in public sector organizations of Pakistan.First of all training and development has a weak correlation with employee job satisfaction which clearly indicates that training and development is not a strong driver of job satisfaction in public sector organizations of Pakistan. Therefore serious amount of consideration should be given to this aspect. Before allocating any sort of training activities to employees training need analysis should be conducted so that managers should exactly know that which kind of training should be given to employee.If employee will feel training to be interesting and is according to the need of an employee than employees will actively participate in trainings and that training will be much more productive and source of satisfaction for employees. Employees will not only learn more but they will also exhibit the learned skills at the workplace as well which will enhance the employee performance and that will lead towards enhancement of organizational performance and then organizations will have satisfied employees.Rewards and recognition are both strongly correlated with employee job satisfaction which is an indication that how important employees perceive rewards and recognition for them in the public sector organizations of Pakistan. Rewards and recognition are both very useful and recognized tool of em ployee job satisfaction but both these variables act other way around if COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 357 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 here is no equity. So it is very important for managers in public sector organizations to eliminate discrimination while giving rewards or recognition. Pakistan is a developing country and employees of public sector organizations love to get rewards as compared to recognition, monitory rewards are of great splendour because past researches show that monitory benefits for employees of public sector organizations of developing countries have great significance towards job satisfaction and this study also supports this particular argument.This is why the analysis of data shows that rewards are extremely significant but recognition is not. Future researchers need to study the relationship of job satisfaction and other HR practices in relation wit h public sector organizations of Pakistan. When other HR practices will also be investigated that will provide a very clear and broader picture to managers and it will be very easy for them to decide that which factors lead towards job satisfaction and which do not in public sector organizations of Pakistan.The in-depth analysis of compensation, promotion and performance evaluation practices can be very fruitful for the managers of public sector organizations and those studies will certainly increase the profitability and level of job satisfaction of employees. COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 358 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS References VOL 4, NO 1 Ahmad , I. , Khalil , M. I. , (2007). Human resource planning in the banking sector of Bangladesh A comparative study between public & private bank.Journal of Business Administration, 33, (3). 23-42. Ali, R. , & Ahmed, M. S. (2009). The impact of reward and recognition programs on employees motivation and satisfaction an empirical study. external Review of Business Research Papers, 5(4), 270-279. AmbaRao, S. C. , Petrick, J. A. , Gupta, N. D. , & Von der Embse, T. J. (2000). Comparative performance appraisal practices and management values among foreign and domestic firms in India. International Journal of Human resourcefulness Management, 11 (1), 60-89. Aycan, Z. (2006). Human resource management in Turkey. In P. Budhwar & K.Mellahi (Eds. ). Managing human resources in the Middle East 12(1), 160-180. Aycan, Z. , Kanungo, R. N. , Mendonca, M. , Yu, K. , Deller, J. , Stahl, G. and Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of Culture on Human imagination Management Practices. An International Review, 49(1), 192-221. Blum, M. L, and Naylor, J. C (1968), Industrial Psychology Its Theoretical and Social Foundation, Harper & Row, New Yark NK. COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 359 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDI SCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Carmen C, Jose GM (2008).The role of technological and organizational innovation in the relation between market orientation and performance in cultural organizations. Europ. J. Inn. Manage. 11(3), 413-434. Clifford JM (1985). The Relative Importance of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards as Determinants of Work Satisfaction, Soc. Quart. , 26(3) 365-385. Clifford JM (1985). The relative enormousness of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards as determinants of work satisfaction, Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 365-385. Dessler , G. , Human resource management. New Delhi Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2007. Doyle, M. , (1997). Management development, in Beardwell, I. nd Holden, L. eds Human Resource Management A Contemporary Perspective,. London Pitman. Garcia, M. , (2005). Training and descent performance The Spanish case. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 1691-1710. Gould-Williams, J. (2003). The i mportance of HR practices and workplace trust in achieving superior performance a study of public-sector organizations, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 28-54. COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 360 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance, honorary society of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance, Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. Janet L, Bokemeier JL, Bokeimer WBL, (1987). Job values, rewards, and work conditions as factors in job satisfaction among men and women, Soc. Quart. , 28(2) 189-204. Kalleberg A, L, (1977). Work values and job rewards a theory of job satisfaction, Am. Sociol.Rev. , 42 124-143. Mahmood , M. H. , The institutional context of human resource management Case studies of multinational subsidiaries in Bangladesh. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Manchester, Miller, D. , 2006. Strategic human resource management in department stores An historical perspective, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, forthcoming. Petrescu , A. I. , Simmons , R. , Human resource management practices and workers job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 651-667, 2008. 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E, (1995), Job Satisfaction Application, Assessment, Causes and Consequences, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. UK, 2004. Vansteenkiste, M. , & Deci, E. L. (2003). Competitively contingent rewards and intrinsic motivation goat losers remain motivated?. Psychological Review, 14. 370-396. Wright, P. M. , Garden, T. M. and Moynihan, L. M. (2003). The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units, Human Resource Management Journal, 13(3), 21-36.COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 362 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINA RY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Wright, P. M. , Gardner, T. M. , & Moynihan, L. M. (2003). The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units. Human Resource Management Journal, 13(1), 2136. Yeganeh , H. , S , Z. , An Examination of human resource management practices in Iranian public sector. Personnel Review, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 203-221, 2008 COPY RIGHT 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 363

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 4

With the signed contract safely tucked in bonnies purse, they pulled up to the boardinghouse in which Stefan had taken up residence again. They looked for Mrs. Flowers further couldnt find her, as usual. So they walked up the narrowing steps with the worn carpet and splintering balustrade, hallooing as they came.Stefan Elena Its usThe door at the real top opened and Stefans head came forth. He looked different somehow.Happier, clean whispered wisely to Meredith.Is he?Of course.Bonnie was shocked. Hes got Elena top.Yes, he does. but the way she was when they met, I bet. You saw her in the woods. Merediths percentage was heavy with significance.Butthatsoh, no Sheshuman againMatt looked down the stairs and hissed, Will you two interject it? Theyre gonna hear us.Bonnie was conf utilize. Of course Stefan could hear them, but if you were going to worry ab appear what Stefan heard youd puzzle to worry around what y erupthought , too Stefan could always follow the shape of what you were thinking, if not the actual words.Boys hissed Bonnie. I remember I know theyre totally necessary and all, but sometimes they Just Dont Get It.Just waiting till you try men, whispered Meredith, and Bonnie thought of Alaric Saltzman, the college student that Meredith was more or less engaged to.I could tell you a thing or two, Carolean added, examining her long, manicured nails with a world-weary look.But Bonnie doesnt need to know even one yet. She has plenty of time to learn, Meredith give tongue to, firmly in mothering mode. Lets go inside. baffle down, sit down, Stefan was encouraging them as they entered, the perfect host. But nobody could sit down. All eyes were fixed on Elena.She was sitting in lotus property in front of the rooms only open window, with the fresh wind making her white nightgown billow. Her tomentum was true gold again, not the perilous white-gold it had commence when Stefan had unintentionally turned into a vampire. She looked exactly the way Bonnie remembered her.Except that she was floating three feet off the bag.Stefan saw them all gawking.Its honourable something she does, he verbalise almost apologetically. She woke up the day after our fight with Klaus and started floating. I think gravity hasnt quite got a hold on her yet.He turned back to Elena. Look whos come to see you, he said enticingly.Elena was looking. Her gold-flecked blue eyes were curious, and she was smiling, but t present was no recognition as she looked from one visitor to another.Bonnie had been holding her implements of war out.Elena? she said. Itsme , Bonnie, remember? I was there when you came back.Im sure glad to see you .Stefan tried again. Elena, remember? These are your friends, your legal friends. This tall, dark-haired beauty is Meredith, and this eruptive little pixie is Bonnie, and this guy with the all-American looks is Matt.Something flickered in Elenas bet, and Stefan repeated, Matt.And what about me? Or am I invisible? Caroline said from the doorway. She sounded good-humored enough, but Bonnie knew that it make Caroline grind her teeth just to see Stefan and Elena together and out of danger.Youre remediate. Im sorry, Stefan said, and he did something that no ordinary eighteen-year-old could have pulled off without looking like an idiot. He took Carolines hand and kissed it as gracefully and unthinkingly as if he were some count from nearly half a millennium ago. Which, of course, was pretty lots what he was, Bonnie thought.Caroline looked meagrely smug Stefan had taken his time with the hand kiss. Now he said, And last but not least, this tanned beauty here is Caroline. Then, very gently, in a voice that Bonnie had heard him use only a few times since shed known him, he said, Dont you remember them, drive in? They nearly died for you and for me. Elena was floating easily, in a standing position now, bobbing like a swimmer essay to keep bland.We did it because we care, Bonnie said, and she put her a rms out again for a sweep up. But we never expected to get you back, Elena. Her eyes filled. You came back to us. Dont youknow us?Elena floated down until she was directly in front of Bonnie.There was still no sign of recognition on her face, but there was something else. There was a kind of limitless benediction and tranquility. Elena radiated a calming peace and an absolute love that made Bonnie breathe in deeply and shut her eyes. She could detect it like sunshine on her face, like the ocean in her ears. after(prenominal) a moment Bonnie realized she was in danger of crying at the sheer feeling ofgoodness a word that was almost never used these days. Some things still could be hardly, untouchablygood .Elenawas good.And then, with a gentle touch on Bonnies shoulder, Elena floated toward Caroline. She held out her arms.Caroline looked flustered. A wave of scarlet swept up her neck. Bonnie saw it, but didnt understand it. Theyd all had a chance to pick up on Elenas vibes. And Caroline and Elenahad been close friends until Stefan, their rivalry had been friendly. It wasgood of Elena to pick Caroline to hug first.And then Elena went into the circle of Carolines hastily raised arms and just as Caroline began to say Ive she kissed her full on the mouth. It wasnt just a peck, either. Elena wrapped her arms around Carolines neck and hung on. For long moments Caroline stood deathly still as if in shock. Then she reared back and struggled, at first feebly, and then so violently that Elena was catapulted backward in the air, her eyes wide.Stefan caught her like an infielder going for a pop fly.What thehell ? Caroline was scrubbing at her mouth.Caroline Stefans voice was filled with fierce protectiveness. It doesnt mean anything like what youre thinking. Its got nothing to do with sex at all. Shes just identifying you, learning who you are. She can do that now that shes come back to us.Prairie dogs, Meredith said in the cool off, slightly distant voice she o ften used to bring down the temperature of a room. Prairie dogs kiss when they meet. It does exactly what you said, Stefan, helps them identify specific individuals.Caroline was far beyond Merediths abilities to cool down, however. Scrubbing her mouth had been a bad idea she had smeared scarlet lipstick all around it, so that she looked like something out of aBride of Dracula movie. Are you doddering? What do you think I am? Because some hamsters do it, that makes it okay? She had flushed a mottled red, from her throat to the roots of her hair.Prairie dogs. non hamsters.Oh, who gives a Caroline broke off, frantically fumbling in her purse until Stefan offered her a box of tissues. He had already dabbed the scarlet smears off Elenas mouth. Caroline rushed into the small tail end attached to Stefans attic bedroom and slammed the door hard.Bonnie and Meredith caught each others eye and let out their breaths simultaneously, convulsing with laughter. Bonnie did a lightning-quick imi tation of Carolines expression and frantic scrubbing, miming person using handful after handful of tissues. Meredith gave a reproving shake of her head, but she and Stefan and Matt all had a case of themustnt-laugh snickers. A lot of it was simply the release of tension they had seen Elena alive again, after six long months without her but they couldnt stop laughing.Or at least they couldnt until a tissue box sailed out of the bathroom, nearly hitting Bonnie in the head and they all realized that the slammed door had rebounded and that there was a mirror in the bathroom. Bonnie caught Carolines expression in the mirror and then met her full-on glare.Yep, shed seen them laughing at her.The door closed again this time, as if it had been kicked. Bonnie ducked her head and clutched at her short strawberry curls, wishing the floor would open up and swallow her.Ill apologize, she said after a gulp, trying to be adult about the situation. Then she looked up and realized that everyone else was more come to about Elena, who was clearly upset by this rejection.Its a good thing we made Caroline sign that oath in blood, Bonnie thought. And its a good thing that you-know-who signed it, too. If there was one thing Damon would know about, it was consequences.Even as she was thinking this, she joined the huddle around Elena. Stefan was trying to hold Elena Elena was trying to go after Caroline and Matt and Meredith were helping Stefan and telling Elena that it was okay.When Bonnie joined them, Elena gave up trying to get to the bathroom. Her face was distressed, her blue eyes melted with tears. Elenas serenity had been broken by hurt and regret and underneath that, a surprisingly deep apprehension. Bonnies intuition gave a twinge.But she patted Elenas elbow, the only part of her that she could reach, and added her voice to the chorus You didnt know shed get so upset. You didnt hurt her.Crystal tears spilled down Elenas cheeks, and Stefan caught them with a tissue as if each one was priceless.She thinks that Carolineis hurt, Stefan said, and shes worried about her for some reason I dont get.Bonnie realized that Elena could communicate after all by mind-link. I felt that, too, she said. The hurt. But tell her I mean Elena, Ipromise Ill apologize. Ill grovel.It may take some groveling from all of us, Meredith said. But meanwhile I want to make sure that this angel unaware recognizesme .With an expression of tranquil sophistication, she took Elena out of Stefans arms and into her own, and then she kissed her.Unfortunately, this coincided with Caroline stalking out of the bathroom. The bottom of her face was paler than the top, having been denuded of all makeup lipstick, bronzer, blush, the works. She stopped dead and stared.I dont believe it, she said in scathing tones. Yourestill doing it Its dis Caroline. Stefans voice was a warning.I came here to see Elena. Caroline beautiful, lithe, bronze-limbed Caroline was twisting her hands together as if in dreadful conflict. Theold Elena. And what do I see? Shes like a baby she cant talk. Shes like some smirking guru floating in the air. And now shes like some kind of change Dont finish that, Stefan said quietly but firmly. I told you, she ought to be over the first symptoms in just a few days, to judge by her work out so far, he added.And hewas different, somehow, Bonnie thought. Not just happier to have gotten Elena back. He wasstronger somehow at the core of himself. Stefan had always been quiet inside her powers sensed him as a pool of clear water. Now she saw that same clear water built up like a tsunami.What could have changed Stefan so much?The answer came to her immediately, although in the form of a wondering question. Elena was still part spirit Bonnies intuition told her that. What did it do if you drank the blood of someone who was in that state?Caroline, lets just drop it, she said. Im sorry, Im really, really sorry for you know. I was wrong, and Im sorry. Oh, youresorry . Oh, that makes everything all right then, doesnt it? Carolines voice was pure acid, and she turned her back on Bonnie with finality. Bonnie was surprised to feel the sting of tears behind her eyes.Elena and Meredith still had their arms around each other, their cheeks wet with the others tears. They were looking at each other and Elena was beaming.Now shell know you anywhere, Stefan told Meredith. Not just your face, but well, the inside of you, too, or the shape of it, at least. I should have mentioned that before this started, but Im the only one shes met, and I didnt realize You should have realized Caroline was pacing like a tiger.So you kissed a girl, sowhat ? Bonnie exploded. What do you think, youre going to grow a beard now?As if powered by the conflict around her, Elena suddenly took off. All at once she was zipping around the room as if shed been shot from a cannon her hair crackled with electricity when she made sudden stops or turns. She soared around the room twice, and as she was silhouetted against the dusty old window, Bonnie thought,Oh, my God Weve got to get her some apparel She looked at Meredith and saw that Meredith had shared her realization. Yes, they had to get Elena clothes and most especially underclothes.As Bonnie moved toward Elena, as shyly as if shed never been kissed before, Caroline exploded.You just keep doing it and doing it and doing it She was practically screeching by now, Bonnie thought. Whatswrong with you? Dont you have any morals at all?This, unfortunately, caused another case of thedont-laugh-dont-laugh choked giggles in Bonnie and Meredith. Even Stefan turned away sharply, his gallantry toward a guest clearly fighting a losing battle.Not just a guest, Bonnie thought, but a girl hed gonepret-ty darn far with, as Caroline hadnt been shy about letting people know when shed gotten her hands on him. About as far as vampirescould go, Bonnie remembered, which was not the whole way. Something about the bl ood-sharing substituting for well, for Doing It. But he wasnt the only one Caroline had bragged about. Caroline was infamous.Bonnie glanced at Elena, saw that Elena was watching Caroline with a strange expression. Not as if Elena were afraid of her, but rather as if Elena were deeply worriedabout her.Are you all right? Bonnie whispered. To her surprise, Elena nodded, then looked at Caroline and shook her head. She carefully looked Caroline up and down and her expression was that of a puzzled doctor examining a very sick patient.Then she floated toward Caroline, one hand extended.Caroline shied away, as if she were disgusted to have Elena touch her. No, not disgusted, Bonnie thought, butfrightened.How do I know what shell do next? Caroline snapped, but Bonnie knew that wasnt the real reason for her fear. What do we have going on here? she wondered. Elena afraidfor Caroline, and Caroline afraidof Elena. What does that equal?Bonnies psychic senses were good-looking her gooseflesh. Th ere was somethingwrong with Caroline, she felt, something shed never encountered before. And the airit was thickening somehow, as if it were building up to a thunderstorm.Caroline made a sharp turn to keep her face averted from Elenas. She moved behind a chair.Just keep her freakinaway from me, all right? I wont let her touch me again she began, when Meredith changed the whole situation with two quiet words.Whatdid you say to me? Caroline said, staring.

Lyric interpretation †“Sister Golden Hair” by America Essay

For this lyric assignment, I chose the song Sister Golden Hair (released 1975) by America in their album Hearts . America is an English-American Folk-Rock band, originally quiet of members Gerry Beckley, Dewey Bunnell, and Dan Peek. The three members were barely past their teenage years when they became an overnight musical sensation in 1972. They reached a peak in popularity in the early to middle 1970s and early 1980s. Among the bands best known songs are A Horse with No Name, Sister Golden Hair (both of which reached deed 1), Ventura Highway, and Tin Man. The song Sister Golden Hair is interpreted by many people in a variety of contrastive ways and essences. In my opinion and from my research solidifying my interpretation, this song is or so a guy that is wrestle with forbidden chouse.In my interpretation of the lyrics, he is wrestling with forbidden screw but not the love for a nun as many have thought. He has fallen in love with his half-sister whom he has been introd uced to but didnt know she existed prior to some broken family interaction along the path of his life, hence the surprise. She also has shown that she felt something more than sibling love for him during family gatherings. He tries to fake organism a brother but he is tortured by his lust for her and prefers to stay away from family contact for fear of being taken as a family member by her and lose his chance with her. Not ready for the alter would mean that marriage is not an option ascribable to his blood ties to her, but that he seeks to live his life with her anyways as.This song is about a letter he writes to her after(prenominal) years of painful waiting for her to slit up to him in years and reach adulthood, and to see if they can move on without one-another, metaphorically, Sunday but then Monday means several painful years of questionable, cautious, cat-like commitment to being there right when shes ready. Originally, the lyrics said Meet me in VA would have meant giving him her virginity but as the lyric changed to air the meaning is that he has sent her a recording of a song he wrote for her and would she embrace his disincarnate company present in the air which is not a stretch of a term for a piece of music.Will you meet me in the middle would mean that they both have buried their forbidden love for years and in his letter he is calling the game because the burden is toogreat and he may be considering suicide in his copious depression. Cant you see it in my eyes means he has also sent her a photo with the letter and the recording (the CD describe?) the photo must show his emptiness but also his affinity for her, that she would fall in love even more so with the photo after not seeing one another for years.This song is a musical masterpiece because like the outro it makes the musical statement that he would win her through his musical prowess the intro for the song is a solo acoustic guitar bit which I think sounds awesome. While all this may seem to be a stretch, you might think Im reading my own experience into these most beautiful and mysterious lyrics but just consider this the author has express that these lyrics are strictly poetic license and that mean these lyrics came from his in-depth subconscious mind.The first time I heard this song I loved how it sounded and never fazed really listening to the lyrics. However, the more I listened to it and attempted to decipher its meaning, the more I realized how many metaphors it contains, and how much of a latterlyer meaning this song has. guitar player Gerry Beckley wrote this song, and when asked if it was written to anyone, Beckley said No, this is all poetic license. With Sister Golden Hair, as far as my folks were concerned, I was writing a song about my sister, and I couldnt quite fathom it they must not have listened to the lyrics. (thanks, Brett Edmonton, Canada) In my opinion, I believe this is a song with a very deep and hidden meaning that has been created l ike this on purpose because if people did really know its meaning it would never have been one of Americas top hits.

Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India and Writs

1 Judicial Control of administrative Action in India and Writs One of the all significant(p) work of the study of the administrative law is the ? Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India. straight off the magnate of the administrative authorities become very strong and thus it resulted divergent complications and repercussions in the socio-economic field in India. Therefore, considering the day to day increasing power of the administrative bodies discriminatory check off is become an definitive argona of the administrative law as because the judicial de vocalisationment i. . apostrophizerooms convey proved to be the much effective and beneficiary branch than all opposite Parliamentary or Legislative or Administrative satisfy for the purpose of the deemling the administrative put to death in India. In this regard Prof. Jainist & Jain rightly quoted that, the real kernel of democracy lies in the courts enjoying the ultimate function to restrain all doing of absolute and arbitrary power.Without some kind of judicial power to control the administrative authorities, there is a danger that they whitethorn commit redundance and degenerate into arbitrary authorities, and much(prenominal) a development would be inimical to a democratic Constitution and the concept of rule of law . Administrative law excessively provides for control over administrative meet by an outside agency strong enough to forestall injustice to the individual while leaving the administrative agencies adequate freedom to enable them to carry on effective disposition. Administrative Action is a very comprehensive term in which all the actions of administration are included. Administration is the meeting point of three types of government functions. The executive performs the residue of all these functions which are not vested in the two other(a) branches of government i. e. the legislature and the judiciary. 1 Administration exercises a renewing of powers. Admin istrative action may therefore, be legislative or judicial or neither, i. e. it could be discretional non-judicial assure or merely a ministerial act.All these functions are exercised by the administration. Administrative process in this way cuts across the traditional classification of governmental powers and combines into one, all the powers which were traditionally exercised by three different organs of state i. e. the legislature, the judiciary and the Executive. Power of Judicial control of the Administrative action may be divided at a lower place two heads in India - (I) Judicial Control of Administrative actions by Writs Administrative actions may be controlled by the motor lodges by issuing different judicial writs under different circumstances in India. accosts by dint of issuing different writs playing a vital role in the judicial control of administrative actions in India. word 32(2) provides that the ultimate speak to shall have power to issue directions or order s or including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, whichever may be appropriate for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights 2 and for the control of the administrative action in India. This right is available only against resign as specify under Article 12 of the Constitution of India.This Article provide only Original jurisdiction to the Supreme royal court not the appellate jurisdiction. Thus a person can go straight to the Supreme beg for the protection of his master(prenominal) rights this jurisdiction of Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution is considered as a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. Article 226 empowers the gamy Court to issue writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights as well as for any other oppose. Article 226 provides that notwithstanding 1. Jayantilal Amrat Lal Vs F. N. Rana, A. I. R. 1964 S. C. 648, 55. . Bandhua Mukti Morcha V. Union of India, A. I. R. 1 976 S. C. 803. 2 anything in Article 32, every High Court shall have power throughout the territories in congener to which it exercises jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority including in appropriate cases any Government within those territories, directions, orders or which including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them for the endorsement of any of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by part III of the Constitution and for any other purpose.Both Article 32 and Article 226 provide five kinds of writs through which administrative action may be judicially controlled along with other actions. Article 226 under clause (4) made it quite clear that though both the Articles provides right of writs under the same heads, i. e. habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, but the power conferred on a High Court by Article 226 shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme Cour t by Clause (2) of Article 32.Judicial Control over administrative action is exercised through the Constitutional phenomenal remedies and statutory ordinary remedies as well. Provisions for extraordinary remedies have been made under Article 32 and 226 of the Constitution. For controlling administrative action Supreme Court and High Court can issue the writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. A short discussion is given hereunderHabeas lead Habeas Corpus means bring the body.The writ of habeas Corpus is issued as an order calling upon the person who has detain another(prenominal) person to produce the detune before the Court to examine the legality of his detention. If the detune is produced before the Court and the Court finds the detention is penal then it will order for the immediate release of the person detained feloniously. The main objective of this writ is not to punish the person who has detained another person illegally but to secure immediate release of the person detained illegally whether in prison house or private custody.Mandamus The writ of mandamus is, in form, a control or command issued by the Superior Court (the Supreme Court and High Court) to the Government, small court, tribunal, corporation, authority or any other person having public employment to perform asking such the Government, inferior court, tribunal, corporation, authority or any other person to perform the public duty or to refrain from doing illegal act.Thus mandamus is defined as a command issued to direct any person, corporation, inferior court or government requiring them or him to do any particular thing which he or they should do as a duty of his or their office and is in the nature of public duty or to prevent them from doing any illegal act. The purpose of this writ is to compel the performance of public duties prescribed by the statute and to keep a control over the subordinate court, Tribunal, corporation and other officers or administration utilisation public duty.Certiorari The writ of certiorari is the writ, which is issued by the Superior Court (i. e. Supreme Court or the High Court) to the inferior court or Tribunal or body employment judicial or quasijudicial functions to remove the proceedings from such Court, Tribunal or body for examining the legality of the proceedings. If any order passed by the lower court or Tribunal or body exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions is found to be illegal by the Superior court then the Superior court may quash or demolish it.It in addition controls the judicial or quasi-judicial functions of the inferior court or Tribunal or body exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions exceeding it jurisdiction. 3 The prime aim of the writ of certiorari is to keep judicial control over the inferior courts or Tribunal or bodies functioning judicially or quasi-judicially within the designate of the jurisdiction allocated to them by the law and to prevent them from acting in excess of their jurisdiction.Prohibition The writ of Prohibition is issued by a superior court to an inferior court or tribunal or body exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions for preventing such inferior court or tribunal or body exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions from uprising jurisdiction which is legally not vested to them or from acting in impact of the principles of natural justice or from acting under the unconstitutional law.The object of the prohibition is to restrain the inferior courts or tribunals or bodies exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions from exceeding their jurisdiction. To control and keep them under the sic of their jurisdiction. Prohibition is an order of Superior courts directed to an inferior courts which forbids the court to continue proceedings in excess of its jurisdiction or in contravention of the law of the land.Quo Warranto The word Quo Warranto means By what authority?. The writ of Quo Warranto is iss ued against a person who occupies or holds or usurps an independent sustentative office and asked him to show by what authority he claims it. The procedure of this writ confers jurisdiction on the court to call upon the person holding an independent hearty public office or franchise or liberty to show by what right or authority he holds the said office or franchise or liberty.The unauthorized or illegal occupant of such office may be ousted by the judicial order and the person authorise to the office may be allowed to hold or occupy it. The object of this writ is to protect or control the right of the citizen through Courts from being deprived of public office to which he may have a right. By this writ the court protects the public from usurpers of the public office and control the administrative action in making appointment of the public office.Through this writ the court protects a citizen from being deprived of a public office to which he is legally entitled to hold. (II) Judic ial Control of Administrative action by other than Writs Some important aspects other than Writs also provided to the Constitution of India for the judicial control the administrative action in India. (i) Special Leave to assembling The power of judicial review conferred on the Supreme Court under Article 136 is particular(a) or extraordinary in nature. This power is in the nature of a residuary reserve power of judicial review.Article 136 lays down that the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any Court or Tribunal, except any Court or Tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces. Since the Supreme Court has been invested with a plenary jurisdiction to hear appeals against the decisions of Administrative Tribunals and other adjudicating agencies, it is now regarded as an important mode of judicial review of administrative adj udications.But this jurisdiction is special and exercisable outside the purview of ordinary law. The Court entertains special leave only where the needs of justice demand its interference. 3 (ii) Supervisory Jurisdiction The power of judicial review which has been conferred on all the High Courts under Article 227 is supervisory in nature. Article 227 provides that ever High Court shall have superintendence over all Courts and tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it 3. Durga Shanker Mehta v. Raghuraj Singh, A. I. R. 1951 S. C. 20 (522). 4 exercises jurisdiction. This supervisory power is both judicial and administrative in nature. 4 The supervisory jurisdiction conferred on the High Courts under Article 227 is in addition to the power given under Article 226 to control inferior Courts or tribunals. The supervisory jurisdiction extends to keeping the subordinate tribunals within limits of that authority and ensuring that they obey the law. The power under the art icle can be exercised even in those cases in which no appeal or revision lie to the High Court5.Though all the above mentioned writs and non-writs power are important weapons against state (Article 32) as well as against any detune, whether a private person or State (Article 226) for the judicial control of the administrative action in India but the main instinct for the judicial control of the administrative action by writs is the writ of MANDAMUS and QUOWARRANTO which are equally protective against the violation of judicial as well as administrative action, and among the other than writs power is the SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEAL which empowers to appeal from any judicial and administrative judgment in India. ***** Department of Law, B. U. Shashi Nath Mandal LL. M ( Part II), 4. Ram Roop v. Bishwa Nath, personal credit line 1958 all. 459. 5. Jagir Singh Ranbir Singh, (1979) 1 SCC 560.